Psych Of Emotion

Front 1

William James

Back 1

Emotionals follow arousal. The change we perceive in the body is what leads to the emotion

Front 2

James-Lange theory

Back 2

Perception of philological change leads to emotion

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Aristotle

Back 3

Emotions are connected with actions and are defined cognitively. They are evaluations. Come from beliefs and judgement

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Katharsis

Back 4

Clearning away of obstacles to understand our emotions

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Descartes

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Emotions tell us about what is imposrtant to the soul, our real selves, identity, goals... etc

Front 6

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

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The experience of the emotion occurs at the same time as the arousal - the experience and reaction are simultanesous

Front 7

Antonio Demasio

Back 7

Areas in the frontal Cortex control emotion. There are somatic markers that exist in the brain that are hard-wired to respond to certain kinds of stimuli

Front 8

Walter Hess

Back 8

Argue that tere are well-coordinated, recognizable emotional responses wired into our brains

Front 9

Magda Arnold

Back 9

Emotions are essentially a means of relating oneself to an object so that the object is judged either suitable or unsuitable. This leads to to the emotional response of positive or negative evaluations toward the object

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Sylvan Tomkins

Back 10

Perception of bodily states -- instead of drives like hunger, thirst or sex, emotions are the primary motivation system and that they amplify drives

Front 11

Two factor theory

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Emotions s have two parts - physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal of their situation

Front 12

Erving Goffman

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we are actors, we take on roles appropriate to the situation, we view our performances... they provide the basic by which we judge ourselves. We judge how well or bad a job we do

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Arlie Hochschile

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Created the concept of emotional Labor: the process by which people construct emotions in themselves in order to produce them in others for social purposes

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Emotional Phenomenon

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Emotions are both similar and different across cultures

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Display rules

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Cultural standards that modulate how people in particular cultures express their emotions

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Ethnographies

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In depth descriptions of a individual's personal history/language/practices/religion

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Darwin said that there are 3 principles underlying emotional expressions

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1.) Servicable habits - expressive behaviors that lead to rewards will reoccur in the future

2.) Anti-thesis - oppossing emotional states will be associated opposing expressions

3.) Nervous discharge - excess undirected energy is released in random expressions

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Hypothesis that Facial expressions of emotions are universal led to...

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1.) encoding hypothesis - all humans express the same emotions facially in the same distinct way
2.) Decoding hypothesis - people of different cultures should interpret these emotions the same way

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Gradient critiques

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there is evidence that some of the 6 universal emotionals are more easily identifiable than others

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Forced choice

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we make people choose within the bounds of our label

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Ecological validiy

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more subtle facial expressions may not be judged the same universally

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Emblems

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non-verbal gestures that are directly translatable into words - peace

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Illistraters

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Nonverbal gestures that accompany speech that amplifies it that makes it vivid or visual - noding your head while you say yes

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Regulators

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NOnverbal behaviors we use to cordinate our converstation - fix your gaze on soemeone - oreinant our bodies towards someone we're talking to

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Self-adaptors

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nervous behaviors that don't seem to serve a purpose -

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Signals

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in the face, the voice, the body, in touch
Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise ---- more distinct that contempt and exhilaration

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Insintive function of emotion

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Emotional displays that invite the desired social behavior
--- laughter invited intamacy

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Men tend to be able to exert more control over facial expressions such as

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Fear and Surprise

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Women are more able to control facial expressions with

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Anger, contempt, disgust

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more independent are better judgers than more interdependent cultures
at

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intrepreting facial expressions

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Communication of emotions with the voice:
- Hearers can judge with ___ accuracy these emotions

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70%

Anger, fear, happiness, sadness, tenderness

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Three major components of emotion

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Expressed in body reaction: facial movements, posture, touch, voice

Involve physiological responses - both body and brain

Lead to specific action tendencies