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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ makes someone more likely to commit violence
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Anonymity
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Systemic violence
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Crimes that are committed because of influences from our culture. KKK, politics, race, ethnicity, education
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Thomas Hobbes said....
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People are born inherently bad
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Rousseau said.....
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We are born inherently good but our environment causes us to do bad things. We don't want to violate the laws of society.
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John Locke said....
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Our environment teaches us our behaviors
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An example of deindividuation
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I become rowdy and stop following rules because I'm in a big crowd
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Wilder Penfield, Sir John Eccles, Roger Sperry said....
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Humans are a different kind of animal. Our brain has evolved so we can think abstractly, conceptually, dream, and fantasize.
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What is diffusion of responsibility?
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We think everyone else will do something. We don't do it because we think someone else will do it.
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Who is in the "out-group"?
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People different than us
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When we believe people in authority, we are being _____.
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obedient
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When we ______, we do things to get along with others or feel like we belong in a group
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conform
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Physiognomy
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Reading faces to decide what someone's character was and form an impression about them. One of the earliest attempts to understand human behavior.
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Charles Caldwell studied _____ and believed ____.
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Studied phrenology and believed women were more primitive than men.
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Cesare Lombroso said that all criminals were...
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degenerates. They aren't as highly developed as those people who don't commit crimes.
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Atavistic / atavism
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an evolutionary throwback, people who are degenerates
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stigmata
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characteristics of degenerates (unusual arm length, insensitivity to pain, large ears)
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5 characteristics of criminals
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habitual, juridical, criminaloid, born criminal, passionate criminal
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What is a habitual criminal?
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Crime is their way of life, their occupation
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What is a juridical criminal?
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Crime is an impulse, they were given an opportunity so they took advantage of it
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What is a criminaloid?
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Someone who has a slight predisposition or genetic push to engage in crime. They are highly susceptible to impulses or influences by others.
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What is a born criminal?
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Someone who has a strong genetic predisposition to engage in crime, likely has a mental illness
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What is a passionate criminal?
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Anger, frustration, domestic, workplace violence
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Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria were part of the...
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classical school
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Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria suggested
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Criminals are more likely to commit a crime if the benefits outweigh the consequences (hedonism). Also asked what is fair when talking about criminal behavior, inequalities in individuals sentenced for crimes in medieval Europe.
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Ideas of the classical school
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The criminal is solely responsible for his / her own behavior. Punishment should be swift, certain, and just severe enough to act as a deterrent.
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The Strain Theory was created by
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Robert Merton
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What does the strain theory say?
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That when we don't automatically have the American dream, we become angry and become violent. Crime results from anger and predisposition, not genetics.
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Example of ritualism?
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Going to community college even though you got into GW because community college is more affordable. Accept goals and legitimate means.
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Example of retreatists?
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Homeless people who choose to live on the streets, people who are suicidal. Reject goals and legitimate means of society.
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Example of a type 1 innovator?
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Someone who wants money so they rob a bank. Accepts goals but rejects ways of getting there.
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What is an example of a type 2 innovator?
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Someone who steals because of greed. White collar innovator who already have everything but want more. Engage in criminal behavior based off greed.
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What is the general strain theory?
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Crime happens because we set our goals too high and have trouble reaching them. Anger is the result of the discrepancy between the perceived fair outcome and the actual outcome.
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Who's idea was the general strain theory?
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Robert Agnew
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Alfred Bandura suggested....
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we are not necessarily born aggressive and we learn it through observing people who we love / admire.
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Instrumental aggression
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Goaled aggression that is approved of by others. (Boxing, hockey)
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Gresham Sykes and David Matza created the
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neutralization theory
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The neutralization theory said that
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even before we engage in aggressive behavior, we neutralize / rationalize the criminal behavior we are about to do.
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Examples of the neutralization theory
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We weren't sober, no one got hurt so it wasn't bad etc.
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Defense of necessity
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In order to survive, I had to engage in criminal activity
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Edmund Kemper is an example of...
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classical conditioning
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If a murderer kills for notoriety, they can be classified as
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a classic mass murderer
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What is murder by proxy?
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when revenge motivates a murder
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Power and domination is a sign of a
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classic mass murderer
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Typologies of a classic mass murderer
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revenge, power & domination, profit, terror.
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A killer who wants to feel like they have control over their victim is a ____ typology who can be classified as a ______ murderer.
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within the power and domination typology of a classic mass murderer
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James Huberty (1984) hated Hispanics, women and children and killed 21 people in a McDonalds. He wanted to show his victims that he had power over them. What typology does Huberty represent?
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Power and domination
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Charles Carl Roberts and Charles Manson represent which typology of a classic mass murderer? Why?
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Terror. Both men felt they had to create terror and fear
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Risk factors of a classic mass murderer include
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children who like destructive weapons, inability to empathize with others, cruelty to animals, history of depression / suicide, social rejection, executive control of impulses
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People who haven't learned to properly control their impulses lack
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executive control of impulses
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Operant conditioning says that criminals...
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will engage in violent / criminal activities until they can't get away with it / get caught.
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When I can't be aggressive towards A, I exert my anger / aggression towards X. This is called
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transferred excitation
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Antisocial personality disorder may be caused by
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genetic influences and social / environmental life experiences
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Low serotonin activity causes
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Poor impulse control
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If a criminal finds aggression pleasurable, they probably have high _____ activity
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dopamine
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When the _____ isn't functioning correctly, emotions of fear / anger / disgust are not normal.
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amygdala
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when the Reticular Activating System isn't functioning correctly,
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they are more likely to seek stimulation and take bigger risks
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An example of a family mass murderer is
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John List (killed his mother, wife and 3 children)
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In a family mass murder, one individual....
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kills 3+ family members at the same place and time.
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The difference between psychopaths and someone with ASPD
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Psychopaths are more emotionally / cognitively insane compared to someone with ASPD who's behaviors are insane.
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What is a primary psychopath
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Someone who may or may not be violent but they do commit crimes.
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Example of a primary psychopath
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Ferdinand Waldo Demara Jr: changed identities multiple times, pretended to be a doctor and treated patients
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You would most likely find a secondary psychopath...
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on a TV show
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What is a dyssocial psychopath
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Someone who engages in criminal / violent behavior learned from others and through observation. Capable of feeling sorry / regret.
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What is a criminal psychopath
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Persistent criminal behaviors, dominant, impulsive risk takers.
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Psychopaths generally lack feelings of
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empathy (However dyssocial can feel sorry / regret)
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The four factors in determining a psychopath
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Charming, lack of empathy / no affect, impulsive, feelings of grandoise / antisocial behavior
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This type of killer has a cool down period
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organized serial killer
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What is compartmentalization and which type of killer is capable of it?
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Being able to separate friends and relationships from people they don't like / want to kill. Organized serial killers are capable of compartmentalization.
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An organized serial killer kills ____ people over a ___ day period
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3+ people over a 30 day period
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What is the McDonald Triad?
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Three things that at least one of are found in each organized serial killer: arson / fire, bedwetting, killing of small animals
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Spree killings
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Multiple events and locations, killings on the run
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Typologies of organized serial killers
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mission, hedonistic (lust, thrill), comfort
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John Wayne Gasie exemplifies a _____ killer
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Mission killer (typology), organized serial killer
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Dennis Raider represented a _____ killer
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lust killer (hedonistic typology), organized serial killer
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Signature
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something present at the crime scene that is unnecessary to the actual crime
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staging
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when a crime scene has been altered for two reasons: to redirect the cops / investigation or to try to protect the reputation / dignity of the victim / victims family
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posing
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when there is an emotional bond between a killer and the victim, the body is posed in a certain position. Often an indication of the hatred of the killer
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undoing
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pose the victim so they don't look dead, goes along with posing
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at the secondary crime scene,
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the body was moved here. Evisceration, removal of body parts, or necrophilia may occur here.
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