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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavior Genetics
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studies the effects of genes and environment on behavior
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Chromosomes
-shape -how many -hold what and what does it contain |
-threadlike
-46, 23 pairs -DNA; genes |
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Genome
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complete instructions (genetic material) for the making of an organism
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Genes
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segments within the DNA that make proteins to determine our development; interact with the environment
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Fraternal vs. Identical
-how many eggs, genetic material |
two eggs vs. one egg
different vs. same |
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Similarities between separated identical twins (4 sets of 2)
-what do critics say about separated twins studies? |
personality, intelligence
abilities, attitudes interests, fears brain waves, heart rate -there are also similarities between strangers |
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Adoption Studies
-which parents' traits do adoptees resemble more -what do parents influence on biological as well as adoptive children -when growing up together, does personality resemblance between siblings depend on biological factors |
-biological parents rather than adoptive
-attitudes, values, manners, beliefs, faith, politics -no, when growing up, siblings personalities do not much resemble one another whether biologically related or not |
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Temperament
-definition -Three types and definitions (3 things) -Identical twin temperaments |
-emotional excitability
-Difficult: irregular biological functions; irritable; negative/intense responses in new situations -Easy: regular biological functions; playful; adapt readily -Slow to warm up: low activity level; mild responses to stimulants; take time to adapt -similar |
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Heritability
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the extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes
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Interaction
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the effect of one factor depends on another
(ex. the effect of the environment depends on the heredity of a child; when a child acts out, a parents will act angrily towards them) |
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Molecular Genetics
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branch of behavior genetics that asks if genes affect behavior
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Evolutionary Psychology
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studies the evolution of behavior and mind using the principals of natural selection
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Natural Selection
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adaptive traits are passed along to ongoing generations to help a species survive and reproduce
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Mutation
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a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
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Parental Influence
-Two times -How |
-Prenatal and Postnatal
-Prenatal: nutrition and toxic agents; Postnatal: childhood and adulthood; can shape their personality somewhat |
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Peer Influence
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-can override as well as complement parental influence
-influence cooperation, interaction, and popularity |
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Culture
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behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions hared by a group
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Norms
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"rules" for accepted and expected behavior
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Individualist vs. Collectivist Culture
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independent; focus on "me"; unique self vs. interdependence; focus on "us"; connections and fitting in
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Roles
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the behaviors we expect from those of a particular social position
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-Gender Roles
-Gender Identity -Gender Type |
-expectations about the way men and women behave
-one's sense of being male or female -acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role |
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Social Learning Theory
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children learn gender linked behaviors by observing and imitating
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Gender Schema Theory
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children learn what it means to be male or female through social learning theory and adjust their behavior accordingly
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