Psych Module 7 And 8

Front 1

Nervous system

Back 1

Electrochemical Communitcation system

Front 2

Nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system

Back 2

Neuron

Front 3

busy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Back 3

Dendrite

Front 4

Cell body of a neuron which contains the nucleus and other parts that keep the cell healthy

Back 4

Soma

Front 5

Extension of a meuron through which neural impules are sent

Back 5

axon

Front 6

nerve cell that carries messages to muscles and glands.

Back 6

Motor neurons

Front 7

Electrical signal traveling down the axon

Back 7

Neural impulse

Front 8

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impluses

Back 8

myelin sheath

Front 9

Form junctions with other cells

Back 9

Terminal branches of axon

Front 10

end poin of neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

Back 10

Axon terminal

Front 11

Nearual impulse a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron

Back 11

Action potenial

Front 12

Recharging phase when a neuron after firing cannot generate another action potential

Back 12

Refractory period

Front 13

state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential

Back 13

Resting potential

Front 14

principle of stating hat if a neuron fires it always fires at the same intensity.

Back 14

all or none principle

Front 15

tiny fluid filled gap btween the axon terminal of one neuron and the dndrite of another

Back 15

synapse

Front 16

chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from on neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an acion potential

Back 16

neurotransimitter

Front 17

neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential (impulse)

Back 17

excitatory effect

Front 18

Neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that a receiving neuron will generate an action potentinal (impulse)

Back 18

Inhibitory effect

Front 19

specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials (impulses) that the nervous system can process

Back 19

Receptor celss

Front 20

nerves that carry info from the sense receptors to the central vervous system

Back 20

Sensory nerves

Front 21

nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for processing info related to sensory inputand motor output

Back 21

Interneurons

Front 22

neruotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory

Back 22

acetylcholine

Front 23

a drug that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter

Back 23

antagonist

Front 24

drug that boosts the effect of neutotransmitter

Back 24

agonist

Front 25

neurtransmitter that affects learning attention and emotion excess dopamine activity is associated wit schizophrenia

Back 25

dopamine

Front 26

nerutransmitter that affects hunger sleep arousal and mood. serotonin appears in lower than normal levels in depressed people.

Back 26

serotonin

Front 27

brain and spinal cord

Back 27

central nervous system

Front 28

sensory and motor nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of body

Back 28

Peripheral nervous system

Front 29

Division of the peripheral nervous system that conrols the body's skeletal muscles

Back 29

Somatic nervous system

Front 30

diversion of the peripheral vervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. subdivisins are the smpathetic(arousing) division and the parasympathetic (calming) division

Back 30

autommic nervous system

Front 31

hhthe part of the automic nervous system that arouses the body tot deal with perceived threats.

Back 31

Sympathetic divisin

Front 32

part of the automonic nervous system that calms the body

Back 32

Parasympathetic division

Front 33

one of the body's two communication systems, a set of glands that produce hormones chemical messengers that cerculate in the blood

Back 33

endocrine system

Front 34

chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood

Back 34

hormone

Front 35

endocrine system's higly influential master gland that, in conjunction with the brain controls the other endocrine glands

Back 35

pituitary gland

Front 36

endocrine gland that helps regulate energy level in the body

Back 36

thyroid gland

Front 37

endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stress

Back 37

adrenal glands

Front 38

central core of brain. beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull. responsible for automatic survival functions

Back 38

Brainstem

Front 39

base of brainstem, controls life=support functions like heartbeat and breathing

Back 39

medulla

Front 40

nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal

Back 40

reticular formationi

Front 41

bain's sensory switchboard. directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex

Back 41

Thalamus

Front 42

little brain attached to the rear of the brainstem, helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance

Back 42

cerebellum

Front 43

Observation technique in which on person is sstudied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles

Back 43

case study

Front 44

series of x ray photographs take from dif agnles and combined by computer into a composite representaion of a slice through the body

Back 44

CAT scan

Front 45

technique that uses megnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among dif tpes of soft tissue, allows us to see structures w/in the brain.

Back 45

MRI

Front 46

regulate important functions such as memory, fear, aggression, hunger, and thirst. Includes hypothalams , hippocampus, and amygdala

Back 46

Limbic system

Front 47

Directs maintenance activies such as eating drinking and bod temp. linked to emotion

Back 47

hypothalamus

Front 48

helps process new memories for permanent storage.

Back 48

Hippocampus

Front 49

two almond shaped neural clusters in the limbic system

Back 49

amygdala

Front 50

forms the cerebral hemispheres, body's ultimate control and info processing center

Back 50

Cerbral cortex

Front 51

large bnd of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and carriesw messages between them.

Back 51

Corpus callosum

Front 52

portion of cerbral cortext. includes motor cortex, is involved in making plans and judgments

Back 52

frontal lobes

Front 53

includes somatosensory cortex and general association areas used for processing information

Back 53

perietal lobes

Front 54

includes the visual processing areas

Back 54

occipital lobes

Front 55

includes the auditory areaus

Back 55

temporal lobes

Front 56

brain area at the rear of the frontal lobes taht controls voluntary movemnts

Back 56

motor cortex

Front 57

brain area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations

Back 57

somtosensory cortex

Front 58

brain area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

Back 58

Brocas Area

Front 59

brain area involved in language comprehension and epression, usually in the left temporal lobe

Back 59

Wernicke's area

Front 60

Brain's acapacity for modification as everident in brain reorganization following damage.

Back 60

plasticity.