Psych Module 21

Front 1

Associative Learning

Back 1

learning that certain events occur together - in operant conditioning it is whether and action is rewarded or punished

Front 2

Operant conditioning

Back 2

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by some sort of reinforcement and weakened if it is followed with some sort of punishment

Front 3

Law of Effect

Back 3

Edward Thorndike's Theory that behaviors that are followed by something favorable are more likely to happen again, if they are followed by something unfavorable they are less likely to happen again.

Front 4

Operant chamber (skinner box)

Back 4

a box containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer attached devices record the animal's rate or bar pressing or key pecking

Front 5

reinforcement

Back 5

in operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behavior it follows ( a reward)

Front 6

shaping

Back 6

in operant conditioning it is the procedure in which reinforcers guide the behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behaviors

Front 7

Positive Reinforcement

Back 7

a way to increase positive behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers, a positive reinforcer is any stimulus that strengthens a behavior
Ex: petting a dog that comes when you call it

Front 8

Negative Reinforcement

Back 8

increasing behaviors by stopping negative stimuli, a negative reinforcer is any stimulus that when removed, strengthens a response. Ex: Taking pain killers to get rid of a headache

Front 9

Primary Reinforcers

Back 9

an innately reinforcing stimulus, something that satisfies a biological need
ex: getting food when your hungry

Front 10

conditioned reinforcer

Back 10

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer

Front 11

Reinforcement schedule

Back 11

a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

Front 12

continuos reinforcement

Back 12

reinforcing the behavior every time that it happens

Front 13

partial/intermittent reinforcement

Back 13

reinforcing a behavior only half of the time it occurs, it has a slower acquisition of a response but less of a chance of extinction

Front 14

fixed-ratio schedule

Back 14

in operant conditioning it is a reinforcement schedule that only reinforces responses after a specified number of responses have occurred

Front 15

variable-ratio schedule

Back 15

in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a behavior after a unpredictable number of responses

Front 16

fixed-interval schedule

Back 16

in operant conditioning a schedule that only reinforces a behavior after a specified amount of times has happened

Front 17

variable-interval schedule

Back 17

in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Front 18

punishment

Back 18

an event that decreases the behavior it follows and the chance that the behavior will happen again

Front 19

Respondent Behavior

Back 19

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Front 20

operant behavior

Back 20

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences