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268 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Freud
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founder of psychodynamic theory
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Skinner
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founder of behavior theory
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Fitz Pearls
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founder of Gestalt/ Existential theory
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Whitaker & Satir
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founder of Experiential/ Humanistic Theory
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Haley & Erickson
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founder of Strategic Family therapy
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Minuchin
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founder of Structural Family Therapy
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Bowen
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founder of Multigenerational theory
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Beck
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founder of cognitive therapy
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White & Epson
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founder of Narrative therapy
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Defense mechanisms
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Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt. Psychodynamic
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ID
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(psychoanalysis) primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity
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Ego
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(psychoanalysis) the conscious mind
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Superego
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(psychoanalysis) that part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience
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Classical conditioning
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conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex (behavioral therapy)
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Operant Conditioning
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a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher (behavior therapy)
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Response Cost
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The contingent loss of reinforcers (e.g. a fine), producing a decrease of the frequency of behavior; a form of negative punishment (behavior therapy)
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Accepting responsibility for ones life
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Goal of Gestalt/ existential therapy
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Encourage congruent communication
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Goal of Experiential/ Humanistic Therapy
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Family Life Chronology
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a way of recording significant events in a family's development. (Satir- Experiential)
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Family Pain
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term used by Satir
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Paradoxical Intervention
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(strategic) a technique used whereby the therapist directs family members to continue their symptomatic behavior. If they conform, they admit control and expose secondary gain; if they rebel, they give up their symptoms
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Identify solvable problems
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first stage in strategic therapy
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Circular Causality
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the idea that events are related through series of interacting loops/repeating cycles (strategic)
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Family Map
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the structure of the family system is assessed and determined through the construction and conceptualization of a...; a static entity identifying each member's position while highlighting interaction patterns, conflicts, and coalitions; the therapist devises an initial hypothesis, compiles diagnostic info., and begins initial goal setting procedures. (structural family therapy)
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Creating an effective hierarchy
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Goal of structural family therapy
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Boundaries
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A concept used in structural family therapy to describe emotional barriers that protect and enhance the integrity of individuals, subsystems, and families. Boundary marking is a Structural intervention designed to separate and strengthen subsystems and break unhealthy alliances.
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Differentiation of thoughts and feelings
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Goal of multigenerational therapy (Bowen)
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Genogram
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A schematic diagram of the family system, using squares to represent male family members, circles to indicate female family members, horizontal lines for marriages, and vertical lines to indicate children. (Multigenerational)
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Scapegoating
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Blaming others for one's own failure (Bowen term)
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Enmeshment
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inappropriate rigid boundaries (In a family system, everyone thinking and feeling alike)
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Schema
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an internal representation of the world (Cognitive Therapy)
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Externalize
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make external or objective, or give reality to (Narrative term)
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Identify issues that enhance the problem
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First step in narrative therapy
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Separate client from problem
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Second step in narrative therapy
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Unique Outcomes
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Michael White's term for times when clients acted free of their problems, even if they were unaware of doing so. Narrative therapists identify unique outcomes as a way to help clients challenge negative views of themselves
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1st order change
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Brief Therapy
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2nd order change
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change rules, reorganize system
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Miracle Question
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A technique that asks clients to imagine how things would be different if they woke up tomorrow and their problem was solved. Solution-focused therapists use the miracle question to help clients identify goals and potential solutions.
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Assimilation
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The process of taking in new information and fitting it into and making it part of an existing mental idea about the world.
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Accommodation
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Refers to changing an existing mental idea in order to fit new information
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Piaget: Sensorimotor stage
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(Birth to 2 years) Infants construct their understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor abilities
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Piaget: Object Permanence
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- Understanding that objects continue to exist when the child is not seeing or acting upon them
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Goal Directed behaviour
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Behaviour which is carried out with a particular purpose in mind
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Piaget: Pre-operational Stage
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(2 to 7 years) More sophisticated thinking than infants.
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Piaget: Symbolic thinking
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Ability to use symbols such as words to represent objects (Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Egocentrism
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Capable of only seeing from their point of view. (Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Decentred thought
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A gradual shift from egocentric thought to thinking from another person's perspective.
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Piaget: Animism
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Everything that exists has a consciousness or awareness (Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Transformation
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Understanding that something can change from one stage to another. (E.g. ice-water) (Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Centration
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Can only focus on one quality or feature of an object at a time. (Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Reversibility
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The ability to follow a line of reasoning back to its original starting point. (Latter Pre-operational)
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Piaget: Concrete operational Stage
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(7-12 years) Thinking revolves around what they know and what they can experience through their senses.
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Piaget: Conservation
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(Concrete operational) That an object does not change its mass, weight, volume or area when the object changes its shape or appearance.
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Piaget: Classification
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(Concrete operational) Ability to organise information into categories based on common features that sets them apart from other sets or groups.
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Piaget: Formal Operational Stage
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(12 plus) More compex thought processes become evident and thinking becomes sophisticated
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Piaget: Abstract thinking
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(Formal Operational) A way of thinking that does not rely on being able to see or visualise things to understand.
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Piaget: Logical Thinking
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Develop strategies to solve problems, identify a range of solutions.
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Piaget: 2 adolescent distortions in reasoning
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1) Imaginary audience (Adolescent distortion in reasoning that refers to their sense that they are always on "stage" or at the center of everyone's attention)
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Self-esteem
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Either fostered or not fostered as a result of communication & early experiences
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Satire (Exp/Comm) 5 components of self esteem
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Security
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Satire (Exp/Comm)8 Levels of self
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Physical
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Primary Triad
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Mother, Father, Child = self-identity
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Mind, Soul, Body Triad
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Perceptions of own body parts & positive or negative feelings associated with them
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Maturation
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Similar to Bowen's concept of differentiation
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Seed Model
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Everyone born with potential waiting to be fulfilled
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Threat and Reward Model
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Some people make rules and others follow these rules without question
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Family Reconstruction
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Change dysfunctional bxs by using dramatic techniques to explore family of origin
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Teaching & Modeling effective communication
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How to express, listen, get needs met
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Satire (Exp/Comm)5 Styles of communication
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*Placating: Succumbing out of fear
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Games
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*Rescue: Placator, blamer, distractor
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Use of Metaphors
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Use symbols or stories to directly input information
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Use of drama
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Acting out roles
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Satire (Exp/Comm)Therapist use of self
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Spontaneous use of humor, sarcasm, teasing, self-disclosure
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Art therapy
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to express feelings
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"I value you" statements
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serve to build self-esteem
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Maladaptive Behavior
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A failure to fulfill one's potential for personal growth
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Therapy Goals
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*Raise self-esteem
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Assessment Tools
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*Family life chronology
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Assessment Areas
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*Inborn characteristics
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Sculpting
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group posturing
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Family Restructuring
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Change dysfunctional bxs by using dramatic techniques to explore family of origin
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Satire (Exp/Comm) Criteria for termination
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*Complete transactions, check, ask
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Genograms
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family tree of psychologically significant events
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Genograms Symbols
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circle=female square = male -------- = distance in relationship
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Nodal Events
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descriptive words on the genogram
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Family of Origin
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the family one is born into
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Family of Choice
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a family formed through voluntary ties among individuals who are not biologically or legally related
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Monad, Dyad, Triad
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one, two, three systems
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Identified Patient
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symptom bearer/official patient
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Linear Causality
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The idea that influences operate in one direction only (i.e., children learn from parents, but parents don't learn from children)
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General Systems Theory
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von Bertallanfy:, theory that organizations are a system composed of many subsytems and embedded in larger systems, and that organizations should develop strategies for communication that serve both
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Marital Quid Pro Quo
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Don Jackson: , an initial rule arrangement or bargain between husband and wife regarding the ways in which they intend to define themselves vis-a-vis one another in the marital relationship
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Redundancy Principle
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Don Jackson: repetitive behavioral sequences within a family
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Metarules
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a family's unstated rules regarding how to interpret or if necessary to change its rules
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Homeostasis
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process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
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Open Systems
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matter can either enter or escape to the surroundings
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Schizophrenogenic Mother
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Fromm-Reichmann's term for aggressive, domineering mothers thought to precipitate schizophrenia in their offspring
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Double Bind
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Gregory Bateson, (psychology) an unresolvable dilemma
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Marital Schism
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Theodore Lidz:, a situation in which one parent tries to undermine the worth of another by competing for sympathy or support from the children
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Psuedohostility
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The use of superficial anger to mask family members' needs for intimacy and affection or deeper issues of chronic conflict and alienation.
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Gender Sensitive Family Therapy
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a therapeutic perspective, regardless of theoretical persuasion, that examines the impact of gender socialization on the outlooks, attitudes, behaviors, and interpersonal relationships of men and women; its aim is to empower clients to make sexist-free role choices rather than be limited by roles determined by their biological status as male or female
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Feminist Family Therapy
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a form of collaborative, egalitarian, nonsexist intervention, applicable to both men and women, addressing family gender roles, partriarchal attitudes, and social and economic inequalities in male-female relationships
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Culture Sensitive Therapy
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Approaches that seek to address the unique issues faced by members of minority groups.
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Entropy
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the tendency for a system to run down and die
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Ecomaps
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A visual representation of the relations between social network members. Members of the network are represented by points, and lines are drawn between pairs of points to demonstrate a relationship between them; also called a sociogram
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Transgenerational
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Can be passed from generation to generation.
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Murray Bowen
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pioneered family psychotherapy, promoting concepts such as differentiation of self, triangulation, and the multi-generational view.
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Family Systems Theory
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Individuals are best understood within the context of relationships and through assessing the interactions within the entire family. Neither the individual nor the family are to "blame" . Genograms (family diagrams) are used to explore the family's process and rules. Chief figures a. Alfred Adler (Adlerian family therapy) b. Murray Bowen (Multigenerational family therapy) c. Virginia Satir (Human validation process model) d. Carl Whitaker (Experiential.symbolic family therapy) e. Salvador Minuchin (Structural family therapy)
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Symbiosis
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the living together in mutually helpful association of two dissimilar organisms
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Family Emotional System
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a kind of family guidance system shaped by evolution that governs behavior.
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Differentiation of Self
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Psychological separation of intellect and emotions and independence of self from others; opposite of fusion.
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Fusion
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union; blending; synthesis
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Triangles
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the "basic building blocks" of human systems which are much more stable than dyads and sometimes serve as a substitute "anxiety release valve".
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Bowen: Nuclear Family Emotional System
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4 basic relationship patterns that govern where problems develop in a family:
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Bowen: Family Projection Process
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the mechanism by which parental conflicts and immaturities are transmitted, through the process of projection, to one or more of the children
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Bowen: Emotional Cutoff
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Bowen's term for flight from an unresolved emotional attachment.
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Bowen: Multigenerational Transmission Process
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Attitude, values, beliefs, behaviors, and patterns of interaction are passed along from parents to children over many lifetimes.
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Bowen: Sibling Position
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The birth order of chilren in a family, which influences their personalities as well as their interactions with future spouses
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Bowen: Societal Regression
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Compares society's response to stress as the same type and response seen in individuals and families response to emotional crisis. Periods of regression and progression.
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Relational Ethics
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in contextual family therapy, the overall, long-term preservation of fairness within a family, ensuring that each member's basic interests are taken into account by other family members
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Invisible Loyalty
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in contextual family therapy, a child's unconscious commitment to help the parents, as in becoming the family scapegoat
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Experiential Family therapy
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Focuses on current experiences of the family and emphasizes experience rather than insight or cognitive knowledge as causes for change. Attention is on emotions and what they represent. The therapist's relationship with the client is important. A leading name in the field is Carl Whitaker.
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Satire: Family Sculpting
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Technique in which family members are molded during the session into positions symbolizing their actual relationships to each other as seen by one or more members of the family
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Carl Whitaker
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Stated the belief that in order to effect the change a family needs, the therapist must engage the family on a deep and personal level. He often used very confrontational techniques including argument, teasing, yelling, and approaches designed to produce tension and stress, which he believed where necessary for change.
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Symbolic- Experiential Family Therapy
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Carl Whitaker
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Gestalt Family Therapy
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a form of experiential family therapy, loosely based on the principles of Gestalt psychology, that focuses on here-and-now experiences in an effort to heighten self-awareness and increase self-direction
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She created the Human Validation Process Model and is considered to be the "grandmother" of family therapy
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Satire
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To explore relationships within the family, she used techniques such as family sculpting and taking a family life chronology.
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Satire
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Satire: Communication Stances
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Satir's concept of stress positions that she refers to as blaming, placating, super-resonable, and irrelevant. Congruence is the antidote to the stress stances. Also see personality priorities.
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Satire: Family Life Fact Chronology
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an experiential technique of Satir's in which which clients retrace their family history, particularly the family's relationship patterns, to better understand current family functioning
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Family Reconstruction
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Satir's intervention designed to assist family members in discovering dysfunctional patterns in their lives resulting from dynamics in their families of origin.
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Minuchin: STRUCTURAL Family Therapy
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treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions
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Salvador Minuchin
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• Founder of structural school of family counseling
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Minuchin:Family Rules
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Command messages observed in the family's repeatedd patterns of interaction which maintain family homeostasis
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Minuchin: Complementarity of functions
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the relationship between a structure and its function; structure determines function
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Minuchin: Subsystems
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smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system
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Minuchin: Boundary Permeability
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clear, rigid/inflexible, diffuse
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Enmeshment
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Minuchin's term for loss of autonomy due to a blurring of psychological boundaries
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Alignments
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clusters of alliances between family members within the overall family group; affiliations and splits from one another, temporary or permanent, occur in pursuit of homeostasis
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Triangulation
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Detouring conflict between two people by involving a third person, stabilizing the relationship between the original pair.
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Coalitions
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alliances between two persons against a third (usually cross-generational, as in one parent ganging up with a child against another parent)
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Joining
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Accepting and accommodating to families in order to win their confidence and circumvent resistance.
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Family Mapping
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Satir's process for drawing the structural=emotional relationships in a family. Satir;s process i similar to genogram work except that she did not like to differentiate gender in her diagrams or limit people to single roles within families. Family mapping is also a process used by structural family therapists with a slightly different focus than the ones used by Satir or in genograms: Minuchin uses them to diagram family organization and process as they revolve around the presenting problem.
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Boundary Making
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a technique of structural family therapists aimed at realigning boundaries within a family by changing the psychological proximity (closer or further apart) between family subsystems
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Unbalancing
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in structural family therapy, a technique for altering the hierarchical relationship between members of a system or subsystem by supproting one member and thus upsetting family homeostasis
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Tracking
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Staying attuned to a family's style of relating and understaqnding symbols of a family's life.
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Enactment
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An interaction stimulated in structural family therapy to observe and then change transactions that make up family structure
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Reframing
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the process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view
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STRATEGIC Family Therapy
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Based on cybernetics and how therapist can intervene to help maintain healthy homeostasis on an intrapsychic level (person) as well as interpersonal level (system).
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Metacommunication
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Every message has two levels, report and command; the implied command or qualifying message
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Complementary/Symmetrical, Relationships
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partners are different in ways that fit together (if one is logical, the other is emotional, etc.)
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Symmetrical Escalation
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A spiraling competitive effect in the communication between two people whose relationship is based on equality, so that vindictiveness leads to greater vindictiveness in return, viciousness to greater viciousness, and so forth
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Paradoxical Injunction
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A double-bind message is communicated when one person, especially someone in a powerful position, issues an injunction to another that simultaneously contains two levels of messages or demands that are logically inconsistent and contradictory, producing a paradoxical situation for the recipient.
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Therapeutic Double bind
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A technique in which the therapist uses a variety of paradoxical interventions that force the family into a no-lose situation.
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Chloe Madanes, John Haley
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Strategic Family therapy
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Directives
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homework designed to help families interrupt homeostatic patterns of problem-maintaining behavior
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Ellis: ABC Theory
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Albert Ellis', the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural),
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Cognitive Distortions
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an illogical maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events.
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Token Economy
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
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Shaping
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an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
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Masters & Johnson's Performance Anxiety
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Performance Anxiety, reduced or eliminated psychologically based performance anxiety to treat for sexual dysfunction.
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Caring Days
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Richard Stuart,A structured method of increasing the caring behaviors of spouses. Each spouse identifies various behaviors that the partner finds enjoyable and commits him or herself to increasing those behaviors.
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John Gottman's Magic Ratio, and types of couples
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(validating, conflict avoiding, volatile)
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Bill O'Hanlon
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Solution Oriented Family Therapy
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Narrative Therapy
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Experiential approach to treatment that emphasizes the role of the stories people construct about their experience
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Michael White
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constructivist therapy, , Narrative
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Externalizing the Problem
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(narrative therapy) making the problem the opponent, not the child or family. thus, removing Guilt becomes the focus of therapy, rather than the person's guilty feelings
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Unique Outcomes
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Michael White's term for times when clients acted free of their problems, even if they were unaware of doing so. Narrative therapists identify unique outcomes as a way to help clients challenge negative views of themselves
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circular causality
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(Systems) the idea that events are related through a series of interacting loops or repeating cycles.
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Closed Systems
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systems that can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments
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Paradoxical Interventions
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Directives that seem to be in opposition to the goals of the client.
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Reframing
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finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat
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relabeling
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Essentially changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive
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prescribing the symptom
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Instructing the client to have more of a symptom. (Paradoxical injunction)
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Strutural: Disengagement
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Minuchin's term for psychological isolation that results from overly rigid boundaries around individuals and subsystems in a family
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Marital Skew
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Theodore Lidz, Lidz's term for a pathologic marriage in which one spouse dominates the other, a disturbed marital situation in which one partner dominates the family to an extreme degree, and in which the marriage is maintained at the expense of the distortion of reality
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Rubber Fence
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As proposed by Wynne, a shifting boundary around a family, intended to protect them from outside contact, arbitrarily permitting certain acceptable bits of information to penetrate, but not others.
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Pseudomutuality
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Afacade of togetherness that masks conflict and blocks intimacy
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Accommodating
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the process of joining in which the therapist makes personal adjustments in order to achieve a therapeutic alliance with the family. (removing sport coat to be more casual)
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Structural: Mimesis
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imitation
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Negentropy
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tendency of living systems to grow and become more complex
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Schizophreniform Disorder
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The time frame forSchizophreniform Disorder is at least 1 month, but less than 6 months. An episode of this disorder includes the prodromal, active, and residual phases. When a diagnosis must be made when there has been no recovery, it should be qualified as "provisional."
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Schizophrenia
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The time frame for Schizophrenia is that an individual has the disorder for at least 6 months. During this period, there must be a 1 month period of at least two of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms include affective flattening, alogia, or avolition.
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Schizoid Personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of detachment from people and a restricted range of emotion.
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In multi disciplinary team who needs to report?
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Only one but the rest should receive copies of the report
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All mental health professionals and interns are mandated to report the following:
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Financial abuse (in state of ca)
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Child Abuse
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written report must be prepared and sent within 36 hours.
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homogeneous and heterogeneous groups (Yalom)
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Homogeneous groups lead to more rapid group cohesion; better tools for individuals presenting with a singular symptom picture and requiring relief over a short-term period.
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Catastrophizinf
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Catastrophizing is a form of magnification or minimization in which something is seen as far more significant than it actually is. There is a thought or mental imagery of impeding disaster.
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Overgeneralization
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Overgeneralization is abstracting a general rule from one or more isolated incidents.
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Personalization
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Personalization involves attributing external events to oneself without supporting causal connection.
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Dichotomous
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Dichotomous thinking is seeing things in extremes, black-or-white thinking.
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Conversion
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Conversion Disorder is characterized by a loss of physical functioning following a psychological stressor. Often the loss of physical functioning prevents the ability to perform a necessary task. Conversion Disorder falls under the category of Somatoform Disorders.
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Delirium
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Delirium is a disturbance of consciousness that may interrupt clarity of awareness, create a reduced ability to concentrate and sustain or shift attention. Someone who is delirious often doesn't know where s/he is or how s/he got there.
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Delusions
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Delusions are beliefs or interpretations an individual has about the world around them that are untrue. These beliefs can be quite intricate and clearly false to those people in the individual's life.
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Hallucinations
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Hallucinations are visual, tactile, auditory, or olfactory disturbances in perception. A hallucination occurs when a person has a sensory experience without stimulation of the relevant sensory organ.
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Agoraphobia
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This diagnosis describes having excessive worry about being in places where help may not be available in the event of a Panic Attack.
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General Anxiety
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There must be at least 6 months of excessive worry and anxiety for this diagnosis.
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Panic Disorder
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Panic Disorder is characterized by unexpected Panic Attacks about which there is persistent concern.
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Wegscheider-Cruse's roles
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Enabler
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Interventions of Cog Beh
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Building a collaborative relationship, educating about the impact of jealous or angry thoughts on their feelings and behaviors, and using reflective listening are all possible Cognitive-Behavioral interventions used in the early stage of treatment. Uncovering underlying assumptions and schemas contributing to their relational problems and utilizing reality testing are middle stage goals and interventions.
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The 13 symptoms of Panic Attack
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include palpitations or pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, numbing or tingling sensations, chills or hot flushes.
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Fear of losing control, increased arousal, avoidance of stimuli
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Distressing images are associated with PTSD
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characteristic of Social Phobia
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Blushing and fear of being embarrassed in public
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Holocaust survivors.
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Insecurities with health and finances and difficulties with trust, and issues surrounding separation-individuation are all possible expected issues in this family. There is a mindset of helplessness that can lead to depression. Children of Holocaust survivors report a great deal of guilt separating and individuating from their parents. Holocaust survivors tend to teach their children a negative view of others and the world that includes a difficulty trusting stability and safety in the world.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
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is indicated by a pervasive defiance of adult authority and a generally negativistic, hostile attitude. Verbally abusive statements to parents, other adult authority figures and anger are also symptoms. However this diagnosis does not include violating and/or disregarding the rights of others
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Antisocial Personality Disorder,
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a person needs to be at least 18 years old and to have exhibited symptoms of Conduct Disorder beginning by at least age 15
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The criteria for Conduct Disorder
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includes behavior that causes serious harm or violates the rights of others or property.
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Alcohol Abuse
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Someone with a diagnosis of Alcohol Abuse has NO desire to cut back or cease using alcohol as Andrew does. This criterion distinguishes Alcohol Abuse from Alcohol Dependence.
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Alcohol Dependence
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repeated, unsuccessful attempts to cease or cut back on alcohol use, and continued use despite medical problems caused by alcohol. These two criteria distinguish Alcohol Dependence from Alcohol Abuse.
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Amphetamine and/or cocaine
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Amphetamine and/or cocaine use produces agitated behavior and impaired appetite; withdrawal involves depression, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms.
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Opiates
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tend to produce more apathy and psychomotor slowing
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Hallucinogens or inhalants
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produce more bizarre or erratic behavior, including fear of going crazy, slurred speech, tremors, perceptual difficulties, etc.
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Cannabis symptoms
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include euphoria, paranoia and increased appetite
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Tardive Dyskensia
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Involuntary movements of the tongue, jaw, trunk or extremities characterize Tardive Dyskensia
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Acute Akathisia
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Fidgety movements and Rocking from foot to foot is also a symptom of neuroleptic-induced Acute Akathisia
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The Strong Campbell Interest Inventory
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The Strong Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) covers six different topics and offers a client a summary of broad trends and interests as they pertain to vocational choices
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The WAIS
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The WAIS is an intelligence test for adults.
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The Hiskey Nebraska
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The Hiskey Nebraska is an intelligence test for the hearing impaired.
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Stanford Achievement Test
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The Stanford Achievement Test focuses on competency for children
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Mental Status Exam
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the client's nonverbal behaviors, assessing the client's thinking and memory, and evaluating the client's mood and judgment.
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Types of Relationships (Interactional Model/MRI)
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1. In a complementary relationship, there is a one up/one down positioning in this relationship which meshes well together. However happily or unhappily, it maintains homeostasis.
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The Cycle of Violence
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The Cycle of Violence consists of three stages: tension-building, explosion, and honeymoon.
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Manic Episodes
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Manic episodes may alternate with depressive episodes in which it would be called a mixed episode.
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Somataform Disorders
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Conversion Disorder involves the unintentional loss or alteration in physical functioning.
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Duty to Warn
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Tarasoff decision:
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Psychotherapist
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The term "psychotherapist" includes, among other, licensed MFTs and registered MFT interns who are under the supervision of a licensed MFT. The term also refers to licensed clinical social workers; licensed psychologists; school psychologists; registered psychological interns who are under the supervision of a licensed psychologist or board certified psychiatrist; and associate clinical social workers who are under the supervision of a licensed clinical social worker, a licensed MFT or board certified psychiatrist.
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Patient
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The term "patient" refers to any person who consults a psychotherapist or submits to an examination by a psychotherapist for the purpose of securing a diagnosis or preventive, palliative or curative treatment of his mental or emotional condition or who submits to an examination of his mental or emotional condition for the purpose of scientific research on mental or emotional problems.
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Confidential Communication
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A confidential communication includes information obtained by an examination of the patient, transmitted between a patient and his psychotherapist in the course of that relationship and in confidence...and includes a diagnosis made and the advice given by the psychotherpaist in the course of that relationship.
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Holder of Privilege
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The "holder" of the privilege is the patient unless the patient lacks legal capacity (e.g., is mentally incompetent), in which case the holder of the privilege is the legal guardian, or conservator.
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Psychotherapist claiming privilege
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The parents of a minor client can claim and waive the privilege on their child's behalf, but the law maintains that minors do, in fact, hold the privilege when they are in therapy. The holder of the privilege, a person authorized to claim privilege by the holder of the privilege or the psychotherapist may assert privilege.
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Patient Litigant Exception
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There is no privilege in any proceeding when the patient's emotional condition has been raised as an issue by the patient or the patient's representative.
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Court Appointed Psychotherapist
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•There is no privilege if the psychotherapist has been appointed by the court to examine the patient.
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Crime or Tort
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There is no privilege if the services of the pschotherapist were sought to help anyone commit or plan to commit a crime or escape punishment for a crime.
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Breach of Duty
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There is no privilege when either the psychotherapis or patient alleges a breach of duty arising out of the therapeutic relationship.
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Proceeding to Determine Sanit of Criminal Defendant
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There is no privilege in a proceeding initiated at the request of the defendant in a criminal action to determine his sanity.
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Patient Dangerous to Self or Others
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"There is no privilege...if the psychotherapist has resonable cause to believe that the patient is in such mental or emotinal condition as to be dangerous to him or hersself or to the person or property of another and if disclosure of confidential information is necessary to prevent the threatened danger."
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Proceeding to Establish Competence
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There is no privilege in a proceding brought by or on behalf of the patient to establish his competence.
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Patient under 16 is a Victim of a Crime
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•Three is no privilege when the patient is under the age of 16 and pschotherapist has reason to believe that the patient has been the victim of a crime and that disclosure of confidential information is in the best interest of the patient.
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Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting
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•there is no privilege in situations involving reports of known or suspected child abuse
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Threats of Suicide
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•determined that cases of self-inflicted harm (e.g., suicide) were not subject to the "duty to warn," but
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Involuntary Confinement
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"When any person, as a result of a mental disorder, is a danger to others, or to himself or herself, or gravely disabled, a peace officer, a member of the attending staff...of an evaluation facility designated by the county, designated members of a mobile crisis team...or other professional person designated by a county, may, upon probable cause, take, or cause to be taken, the person into custody and place him or her in a facility designated by the county and approved by the State Department of Mental Health as a facility for 72-hour treatment and evaluation."
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Welfare and Institutions Code 5250
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a person detained for 72 hours (WIC 5150) may be held for not more than 14 days of involuntary intensive treatment if the professional staff finds that the person is a danger to him or herself, others or gravely disabled as the result of a mental disorder or chronic alcoholism
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Welfare and Institutions Code 5300
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Someone who has threatened to take his or her own life may be held an additional 14 days beyond the original 14 days (WIC 5260)
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Health & Safety 199.25
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•exempts physicians and surgeons from criminal or civil liability if they notifiy the spouse or sexual partner or needle sharing partner of a patient under their care that the patient has tested positive for HIV
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Health & Safety 199.215
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providers of health care licensed under the Healing and Arts Section of the Business and Professions Code (section 500), which includes all licensed providers, may disclose a patient's HIV status to the patient's health care providers for the purpose of diagnosis, care and treatment without the patient's written authorization
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Treatment of minor without parental consent
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- 12 or older
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Emancipated Minor
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A person under 18 who is
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Legal vs ethical responsibility to suicided risk
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- NOT legally responsible for reporting
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Landeros vs. Flood
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- 1976
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Section 1024 of Evidence Code
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Therapist has a "right" to warn when property is threatened
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In child custody proceedings, specific acts of adult misconduct:
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MAY be revealed only if it helps to determine the best interest of the child
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5300
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- 90 day involuntary confinement in a psychiatric hospital
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Piaget, Jean
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- 1st person to advance a theory of children's cognitive development
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Piaget: Cognitive Equalibrium
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- Goal of intelligence
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Piaget: Cognitive disequilibrium
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- Imbalances between children's thinking and the environment
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Piaget's concept of organization
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- Refers to the fact that our psychological/cognitive structures are organized into coherent systems
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Piaget stages of development
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0-2 years = Sensorimotor Stage
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Erik Erikson
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- Psychoanalytically-oriented theorist
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Erikson:Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust
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- Infants, 0-1
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Erikson: Will: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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- Toddlers, 2-4
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Erikson: Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt
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- Preschool, 4-6
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Erikson: Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority
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- Childhood, 7-13
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Erikson: Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion
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- Adolescents, 14-24
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Erikson: Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation
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- Young adults, 25-40
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Erikson: Care: Generavity (A sense of productivity and accomplishment) vs. Stagnation
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- Middle adulthood, 45-65
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Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
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- Seniors, 65+
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