Psych & Mental Health

Front 1

maslow's heirarchy of needs

Back 1

~self-actualization
~self-esteem
~love and belonging
~safety and security
~physiological

Front 2

behaviorist modification

Back 2

~changes behavior by using learning theory
~replaces maladaptive behavior w/healthy, more appropriate behavior

Front 3

reconditioning

Back 3

~unlearning old habits

Front 4

reinforcement

Back 4

~increasing the chance that behavior will occur again

Front 5

psychological development

Back 5

~psychosocial tasks are accom thruout the lifespan

Front 6

piaget
sensorimotor

Back 6

~0-2yrs
~uses senses/motor abilities 2 understand the world (reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills)
~develops schema
~begins 2 interact w/enviro
~object permanence
~mental representation
~develops thinking and goal-directed behavior

Front 7

object permanence

Back 7

~learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight

Front 8

mental representation

Back 8

~begins to remember and imagine experiences

Front 9

piaget
preoperational thought

Back 9

~2-6yrs
~develops egocentric thinking
~uses trial/error 2 discover new traits/charac
~concepts time as limited 2 present
~uses symbols 2 rep objects
~centers on single aspect of an object, producing some distortion of reality
~gains in imaginative ability
~grad begins 2 "de-center" (becomes less egocentric; understands other pts of view)

Front 10

egocentric thinking

Back 10

~understands the world from only one perspective

Front 11

piaget
concrete operational thought

Back 11

~7-11yrs
~understands/applies logical operations/principles 2 help interpret specific experiences or perceptions
~better understands other viewpoints
~improves use of memory
~focus on more than one task
~recog cause/effect relationships
~identifies behavior outcome
~understands basic convers, number classification, other concrete ideas

Front 12

piaget
formal operational thought

Back 12

~12yrs+
~uses systematic, scientific prob-solv approach
~recog past, present, future
~able 2 think about abstractions & hypothetical concepts
~able 2 move thought "from real 2 possible"
~becomes more interested in ethics, politics, all social/moral issues as ability to take broader/more theoretical approach 2 experience incr

Front 13

ID

Back 13

~basic innate drive 4 survival/pleasure
~demands constant gratification
~composes individ's entire personality @ birth
~goals: reduce tension, incr pleasure, minimize discomfort

Front 14

EGO

Back 14

~reality factor
~decides how 2 act, when 2 act
~stands w/reason and good sense

Front 15

SUPEREGO

Back 15

~parenteral/societal value system
~strives 4 perfection/morality
~serves as a judge or censor over thoughts and activities fo the ego
~conscience, self-observation, formation of ideals

Front 16

treatment modes
crisis intervention

Back 16

~brief therapy, 6wks
~s/s of stress: phy feelings, fear, anxiety, panic, desire 4 help, decr concentration & efficiency
~focus on one prob, not cause
~need 4 support/empathy
~client responsibility 2 act
~use all available resources

Front 17

crisis

Back 17

~sudden event in one's life when usual decision-making & prob-solv is not adeq

Front 18

treatment modes
group therapy

Back 18

~5-8people interacting over time 2 achieve individual goals
~set limits, here & now focused, provide safety, provide consistency

Front 19

treatment modes
self help groups

Back 19

~mutural support, lay people
~12-step (AA, OA, Alanon, Alateen, CA), recovery, LaLeche, Ostomy

Front 20

treatment modes
family therapy

Back 20

~psychotherapy w/family
~identified patient
~scapegoating: object of blame or aggression
~changes in one member changes the whole family system
~family involv necessary
~mixed messages: verbal expressions of caring @ conflict w/nonverbal actions

Front 21

treatment modes
milieu therapy

Back 21

~french word means "surroundings"
~individ tx plans
~entire surroundings is import
~client takes responsibility
~nx guides in develop new ways of interacting, responding

Front 22

treatment modes
expressive therapy

Back 22

~adjunctive therapies used 2 aid in assess
~dance, recreation, occupational, art

Front 23

mental health-illness continuum
mental health

Back 23

~love, work, play
~coping mechanisms good
~have a sense of meaning of life
~grasp of reality
~caring 4 others

Front 24

mental health-illness continuum
mental illness

Back 24

~maladaptive behavior
~disruption in ability 2 relate 2 others
~inability 2 meet basic needs in a socially acceptable way

Front 25

sublimation

Back 25

~directing energy 4m unacceptable drives in2 socially acceptable behavior
~EX: sports as an outlet 4 aggression

Front 26

isolation

Back 26

~response in which person blocks feelings assoc w/unpleasant experience
~EX: talking about a traumatic even unemotionally

Front 27

reaction formation

Back 27

~displaying overt behavior or attitudes in precisely the opposite direction of one's unacceptable conscious or unconscious impulses
~EX: feeling compassion 4 a rival person you dislike

Front 28

undoing

Back 28

~a compulsive response which negates or reverses a previous unacceptable act
~EX: washing hands of guilt after touching germs

Front 29

compensation

Back 29

~putting forth extra effort 2 achieve in the aras where one has a real or imagined deficiency
~EX: an unpopular student excels as a scholar

Front 30

projection

Back 30

~transferring own internal feelings to someone else
~EX: "i have him" reversed in2 "He hates me"

Front 31

introjection

Back 31

~incorporating the traits of others
~EX: a depressed client causes the nurse to become depressed

Front 32

suppression

Back 32

~the conscious, deliberate forgetting of unacceptable or painful thoughts, impulses, acts

Front 33

repressions

Back 33

~the unconscious, involuntary forgetting of unacceptable or painful thoughts, impulses, feelings, or actions
~EX: forgetting what was on a difficult exam

Front 34

denial

Back 34

~asserting that what is obviously true is not true; in fact something quite different is true

Front 35

rationalization

Back 35

~giving a believable person for ones behavior instead of a true reason
~EX: i failed the NCLEX because it is a poor test

Front 36

regression

Back 36

~going back to an early level of emotional development
~EX: becoming dependent for all decisions

Front 37

fixation

Back 37

~never advancing to the next level of emotional development andorganization
~arrested at a fixed level

Front 38

~displacement

Back 38

~transferring painful feeings to a neutral object, phobias
~EX: anger at brother, so you kicked the dog

Front 39

identification

Back 39

~adopting characteristics of another, generally someone who possesses attributes that are admired or envied

Front 40

communication techniques
offering self

Back 40

~"i'll stay with you"

Front 41

communication techniques
focusing

Back 41

~on "here and now"
~on the client

Front 42

communication techniques
broad openings

Back 42

~"how are things doing today?"

Front 43

communication techniques
clarifying

Back 43

~"What does that mean to you?"

Front 44

communication techniques
stating the observed

Back 44

~"you look tired"

Front 45

communication techniques
reflecting and restating

Back 45

~client: "my mother makes me so mad when she criticizes my kids"
~nurse: "you were angry with you mother when she started picking on your kids"

Front 46

communication techniques
valiating

Back 46

~"are you saying..."

Front 47

communication techniques
empathy

Back 47

~stating a feeling implied by the client

Front 48

communication techniques
confronting

Back 48

~sharing perceptions of someone's behavior to point out discrepancies btwn what is said and done

Front 49

communication techniques
proceeding

Back 49

~through descriptions & thoughts 2 feelings

Front 50

communication techniques
giving information

Back 50

~

Front 51

communication techniques
silence

Back 51

~thought, pacing, acceptance

Front 52

communication techniques
questions

Back 52

~who, what, when, where
~why - defensive
~yes - no
~nonincriminating

Front 53

communication techniques
summarizing

Back 53

~

Front 54

blocks to communication

Back 54

~false reassurance
~agreeing & disagreeing
~advice
~judging
~belittling
~defending
~changing the subject
~ignoring the client
~changing client's words or assuming feelings
~approval
~focus on nurse

Front 55

levels of anxiety
mild (+)

Back 55

~min muscle tension
~preceptual field broad
~learning can occur
~restlessness/heighted ability 2 deal w/prob
~NI: listen, stay calm

Front 56

levels of anxiety
moderate (++)

Back 56

~incr tension, HA, fatigue, butterflies
~perceptual field narrowed
~focus on immediate events
~NI: discuss in rational, calm manner

Front 57

levels of anxiety
severe (+++)

Back 57

~incr BP, TPR, diaphoresis, dry mouth, somatic symptoms
~preceptual field greatly decr, connections btwn details not perceived
~feelings of incr threat
~incr phy activity
~NI: very calm, brief info, reassurance

Front 58

levels of anxiety
panic (++++)

Back 58

~may be hypertensive, motor coordination poor, cool, clammy, dread, horrow, hyperventilation
~perceptual field closed, details out of proportion, logical thinking impaired
~feelings of helplessness, may strike physically or w/draw, voice high
~NI:isolate 4m stimuli, stay w/pt

Front 59

anxiety disorders

Back 59

~disorders charac by fear which is out of proportion to external events

Front 60

panic disorders

Back 60

~recurring panic attacks or episodes of intense fear
~accompanied by physical symptoms that strike often and without warning

Front 61

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Back 61

~distressing repetitive thoughts, impulses or images that are intense, frightening, absurd, or unusual
~thoughts are followed by ritualized actions that are usually bizarre and irrational

Front 62

phobic disorder

Back 62

~intense but unrealistic fear that can interfere with the ability to socialize, work, or go about everyday life, brought on by an object, event or situation

Front 63

psychophysiological disorder

Back 63

~a group of stress-related medical disorders

Front 64

schizophrenia
etio

Back 64

~a group of psychotic d/o charac by regression, thought disturb, dizarre dress/behav, poverty of speech, w/drawl

Front 65

schizophrenia
NI

Back 65

~prov physical care
~est trust
~safety
~orient 2 reality
~prov structure
~involve family
~interactions should be simple, short, concrete

Front 66

schizophrenia
NI - hallucinations

Back 66

~distraction
~do not confront
~point out you do not share same perception
~get to feeling level

Front 67

suspicious/paranoid disorders

Back 67

~slow development of a permanent and unshakable delusional system accompanied by very clear and orderly thinking

Front 68

blood alcohol concentration

Back 68

~means # of mg of alcohol diluted in each 100ml of blood
~0.10% BAC legal level for driving

Front 69

delirium

Back 69

~acute brain syndrome
~rapid onset usually temp and reversible

Front 70

dementias

Back 70

~slow onset, progressive, irreversible

Front 71

anorexia

Back 71

~refusal to eat
~pursuit of thinness

Front 72

bulimia

Back 72

~bing-purge cycle of eating

Front 73

kubler ross
denial & isolation

Back 73

~"no not me", "there must be a mistake"
~buffer to shielf self until individ is able to mobilize alternate defense

Front 74

kubler ross
anger

Back 74

~"why me?"
~hostility may be directed toward caregivers or loved ones

Front 75

kubler ross
bargaining

Back 75

~"yes, but"
~bargaining is often made w/god
~an attempt to postpone death and is a pos way 2 maintain hope

Front 76

kubler ross
depression

Back 76

~"yes, me"
~saddness and grief
~time of introspection
~usually request only significant others to be w/them
~struggles w/painful realities of life and prep 4 death

Front 77

kubler ross
acceptance

Back 77

~"i am ready"
~revolved 2 the fact that death is imminent
~peaceful acceptance
~pos feelings rep

Front 78

martocchio
shock and disbelief

Back 78

~"maybe this is not happening"
~"this is just a dream"
~survivors feel a sense of unreality
~often reject offers of comfort/support

Front 79

martocchio
yearning and protest

Back 79

~"why do i feel this way?"
~survivors may express anger toward the deceased for leaving them

Front 80

martocchio
anguish, disorganization, despair

Back 80

~"living is a chore"
~"all the joy is gone out of life"
~reality and permanency of the loss are recognized

Front 81

martocchio
identification in bereavement

Back 81

~"i am just like him"
~"i will carry on her (dying person's) goals"
~bereaved may adopt behavior, ideals, mannyisms, or goals of the deceased

Front 82

martocchio
reoganization and restitution

Back 82

~"life goes on"
~"the sun has risen on a new day"
~life stabilizes but some of the pain of loss may last for a lifetime