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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Percentage of hospitalized psych patients with comorbid substance abuse disorde?
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35%
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Drug tolerance?
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decrease in drug effect with fixed dose
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Drug dependence?
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adapted drug target that occurs in response to prolonged & excessive drug administration
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Drug addiction?
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loss of control over compulsive drug use despite negative consequences
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Physical dependence?
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physical adaptation to substance, withdrawal and tolerance occur
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Psychological dependence?
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emotional state of craving
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Sx of withdrawal?
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tremor, HTN, hypotension, agitation, hallucinations, craving, anxiety, tachycardia, bradycardia, insomnia, N/V, seizures, delirium
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Variables that increase dependence & addiction
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drug: lipid solubility, rapid onset, short half-life
user: polymorphisms, anxiety, insomnia |
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Risk Fx for developing SA disorder
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early use, use of gateway drugs, agressive behavior, family stressors, peer group drug use, genetic
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What are gateway drugs?
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EtOH, nicotine, marijuana
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When does substance abuse develop?
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late teens-early 20s
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How do reinforcing properties of drug alter NTs?
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Increased DA in nucleus accumbens supporting reward and reinforcement
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What is effect of increased DA in n.a.?
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lays down memories of rapid sense of satisfaction, creating a conditioned response; craving results from DA release
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Which drugs have greatest physical and psychological dependence?
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CNS depressants
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Which drugs have greatest tolerance?
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stimulants and opioids
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Which drugs have no physical dependence?
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hallucinogens
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On which receptors do opiods work?
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dopamine, opioid
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On which receptors do cannabanoids work?
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dopamine, cannabanoids
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On which receptors does ethanol work?
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5HT, GABA, NMDA, dopamine, opioid
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On which receptors do stimulants work?
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dopamine, 5HT, NE
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Origins of withdrawal?
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removal of dependent drug, CNS hyperarousal due to adaptation to absence of drug
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Which drugs are lethal in withdrawal?
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BZD, alcohol, barbiturates
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EtOH withdrawal effects?
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CNS: sleep changes,irritability, seizures, tremor, hallucinations
ANS: tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, diaphoresis |
