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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is consciousness |
- our awareness of ourselves and our surroundings - Waking consciousness: thoughts, feelings and perceptions that occur when we are alert and awake - Altered states of consciousness: a mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness, including sleep. dream or drug induced states |
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Freud's view on consciousness (part of whole-person perspective) |
- suggest there are three states: consciousness, preconscious and unconscious. The most important is unconscious process because it affects behaviour |
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Behavioural perspective on unconsciousness |
- studying unconscious is not scientific because it is not observable behaviour - believe behaviour can be explained without unconscious mental process |
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Cognitive and contemporary perspective on unconsciousness |
- don't agree that the unconscious mind is driven by instinctive urges and repressed conflicts - unconscious and conscious mental life work together - more importance on sleep and dreams and how they affect health |
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Two types of consciousness |
Explicit: full focus, effortful, aware, like giving a presentation in class Implicit: without awareness, automatic processing, like brushing teeth |
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Attention |
- Attention refers to the process by which we focus our awareness - our conscious awareness is limited in capacity and we are aware of only a small amount of stimuli at a time - Cocktail party effect: ability to focus ones listening attention on a single talking and ignore background noise |
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Morning people vs. Evening people |
- Morning people wake up early and do their best work before noon, they are agreeable, optimistic, stable, proactive, conscience - Evening people take longer to warm up and do best work in the evening or night, they are creative, intelligent, funny, extroverted, pessimistic, depressed |
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Why do we sleep |
- we spend 1/3 of our lives sleeping - if a person does not sleep for several days that person will decrease in immune function, concentration and accidents |
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Why do we dream (Psychoanalytic view) |
- Wish fulfillment: Freud suggests that dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings - Manifest Content: remembered story line of a dream includes real experiences from the day - Latent (hidden) content: underlying meaning of a dream. Uncovering this hidden message can help resolve personal issues |
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Why do we dream (cognitive view) |
- cognitive view: Dreams are constructed from the daily issues of the dreamer. Extensions of concerns in daily life - cognitive development: believe that we dream as par of brain maturation and cognitive development - Information processing: dreams may help sort and fix a day's experiences in our memories |
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What happens if we don't get enough sleep/ Sleep deprivation |
- the longer a person goes without sleep the worse their performance gets - tired person may experience: impaired concentration, diminished productivity, tendency to make mistakes, irritability, depressed immune system, greater vulnerability to accidents - sleep deprivation can't be tested on humans but rats lose weight and inability to regulate body temp |
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Insomnia |
- involves problems in sleep or maintaining sleep - often associated with anxiety or depression - some sleep the norm but the quality of sleep is poor and they don't feel rested - Tend to be listless and tired during the day -leads to misuse of sleep meds - Drugs are not a good treatment because leads to drug dependency - Behavioural treatments include cognitive therapy, self-hypnosis, and relaxation training |
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Sleep Disorders: Night Terrors |
- sleeping disorder in which a person experiences symptoms of a panic attack - common in children 3-8 and disappears as a child grows older - sitting upright in state of sheer panic |
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Substance use and abuse |
- substance use is using a substance but does not interfere with a person's life - substance abuse - pattern use of a drug that diminishes one's ability to fulfill responsibilities, may lead to legal difficulties related to drug use |
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Dependence - tolerance- withdrawal |
Dependence: compulsive use of substance, known as an addiction Tolerance: more substance is required to obtain original effect Withdrawal: physical discomfort when the substance is stopped |
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Drugs and Consciousness |
- Psychoactive Drug: A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood (effects consciousness) - Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier - Drugs small enough to pass are called psychoactive drugs - Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups: depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens |
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Psychoactive drugs: Depressants |
- drugs that reduce neural activity - slow body functions - Ex: alc, opiates, barbiturates |
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Psychoactive drugs: Stimulants |
- drugs that excite neural activity - speed up body functions - caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, ampthetamines |
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Psychoactive drugs: Hallucinogens |
- psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of a sensory input - LSD, THC |
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Psychoactive drugs: Tolerance |
- Continued use of a psychoactive drug produces tolerance, so repeated exposure to a drug lessens the drug's effect - Thus you need to consume greater quantities |
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Psychoactive drugs: Withdrawal and dependence |
- after stopping the use of a drug (after addiction) users may experience undesirable effects of withdrawal - absence of drug may lead to physical pain, intense cravings (physical dependence) and negative emotions (psychological dependence) |
