Psych Lecture 2 - Biological Bases Of Behavior

Front 1

How do psychology and biology relate?

Back 1

biological processes influence psychological processes just as psychological processes influence biological processes

Front 2

What are the two basic types of cells?

Back 2

Glia - support cells, "glue" that helps support metabolism of neuron cells
Neurons - communication cells, specially designed to communicate with other cells and send messages

Front 3

dendrites

Back 3

receive information (look like the branches of a tree)

Front 4

Soma

Back 4

decides what to do with information (the big round part surrounding the nucleus)

Front 5

Axon

Back 5

sends information (axon away!) (tube inside myelin sheath)

Front 6

Myelin sheath

Back 6

insulatory coating that protects axon and makes it more efficient

Front 7

terminal button

Back 7

shoots out the neurotransmitters, top of synapse

Front 8

vesicles

Back 8

inside the terminal button, contain the neurotransmitters

Front 9

Synaptic cleft

Back 9

space between terminal button and dendrite

Front 10

receptor sites

Back 10

receive the neurotransmitters

Front 11

"action potential"

Back 11

initiated by soma, electrical charge that causes the terminal buttons to let go of neurotransmitters

Front 12

Ach

Back 12

Movement, memory (found in every connection where neurotransmitters interact with muscle)

Front 13

Dopamine

Back 13

Attention, thought, movement

Front 14

Norepinephrine (NE)

Back 14

mood, arousal, (activity level)

Front 15

Serotonin

Back 15

mood, sleep, appetite, sex drive

Front 16

Endorphins

Back 16

Pleasure, pain relief

Front 17

GABA

Back 17

inhibitory NT, slows down neurotransmitter activity

Front 18

Adenosine

Back 18

sleep, fatigue

Front 19

what happens if there is an imbalance of NT's?

Back 19

psychological behavioral problems

Front 20

agonist

Back 20

mimics or promotes Neurotransmitter activity

Front 21

antagonist

Back 21

opposes or blocks neurotransmitter activity

Front 22

parts of the central nervous system

Back 22

brain and spine

Front 23

Parts of the peripheral nervous system

Back 23

Somatic N.S. Autonomic N.S.

Front 24

Somatic N.S

Back 24

provides messages from body to brain

Front 25

Autonomic N.S.

Back 25

smooth parts providing communication form the brain to other smooth parts

Front 26

parts of the Autonomic N.S.

Back 26

Sympathetic - Fight or flight
Parasympathetic - Calms down the body

Front 27

CT scan

Back 27

oldest type of scanning tech, looks like an X-ray (STRUCTURE)

Front 28

MRI

Back 28

uses magnetic resonance - better than X-ray (STRUCTURE)

Front 29

PET

Back 29

tries to pick up on cell metabolism and maps activity (ACTIVITY)

Front 30

FMRI

Back 30

shows structure plus amount activity

Front 31

Thalamus

Back 31

Relay station for incoming sensory information

Front 32

Hypothalamus

Back 32

neuron concentrations that regulate basic biologic needs

Front 33

Pituitary gland

Back 33

excretes hormones

Front 34

Pons

Back 34

sleep and wake cycles

Front 35

Medulla

Back 35

autonomic nervous system and crossover

Front 36

Amygdala

Back 36

fear and anger, raw emotions

Front 37

Cerebellum

Back 37

coordination and balance

Front 38

Reticular formation

Back 38

sleep and wake, activating higher parts of the brain to accept incoming information

Front 39

Cerebral Cortex

Back 39

divided into right and left hemispheres, held together by the corpus collosum,

Front 40

Brain Plasticity and the Effects of the Individual Experience

Back 40

- Experience can change neurons
- If neurons aren't used they shrink and die
- Use it or lose it! Brain atrophy

Front 41

Occipital Lobe

Back 41

Vision (cross-over occurs)

Front 42

Parietal Lobe

Back 42

somatosensory - touch

Front 43

Frontal lobe

Back 43

motor

Front 44

Temporal lobe

Back 44

Auditory

Front 45

Broca's Area

Back 45

Production of language

Front 46

Wernicke's area

Back 46

Language comprehension