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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- pain killers - narcotic pain killer drugs - morphine, methadone, fentanyl, oxycodone, tramadol |
OPIOIDS |
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the decrease in response of alcohol/drugs |
TOLERANCE |
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this is the sx develop after abruptly stopping drugs/alcohol |
WITHDRAWAL |
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body's physical addiction to drug and alcohol |
DEPENDENCE |
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the recurrence of drugs/alcohol use after remission |
RELAPSE |
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#1 defense mechanism of drug addict |
DENIAL AND PROJECTION |
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sign and symptoms ( opioids) |
- relieve pain - drowsiness - pupils constricted/ smaller |
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when to seek helps ( opioids) |
- overdose - can harm self and others - has trouble breathing - sign of MI and chest pain - deny that they have problem - hesitate |
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management ( OPIOIDS) |
- plan intervention - social network - family support |
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alcohol withdrawal within 24 hours |
insomnia, palpitations and anxiety |
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alcohol withdrawal 48 hours, watch out |
seizures and unstable vital signs |
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alcohol withdrawal 48-72 hours |
delirium, tremens and palpitations |
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alcohol withdrawal sign and symptoms |
- sweating - hallucinations - fever - agitation and anxiety - confused - seizure |
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Seizure precautions |
- side lying - prepare bedside oxygen and suction apparatus - priority (airway) - prevent too much light - raise side rails, provide padded foam - avoid noise - history taking is important PEDIA - safety, protect head, no restrictive clothing |
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CNS Depressants sign and symptoms |
- drowsiness - slurred speech - lack of coordination - changes in behavior and mood - problems concentrating - involuntary eye movements - lack of inhibition - slow breathing - reduced/ low BP - dizziness - memory problems |
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increase energy alertness (fight or flight) |
stimulants |
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examples of stimulants |
- methamphetamine - cocaine - caffeine - dexamphetamine - amphetamine |
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boost energy, performance in school |
methamphetamine |
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increase BP and HR |
cocaine |
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stimulants sign and symptoms |
- too much confidence - increase alertness - aggressive alertness - rapid, rambling speech - confusion - anxiety - changes in HR - nausea & vomiting w/ weight loss - poor judgement - nasal congestion - damage membrane of the nose - poor dental hygiene - insomnia - wear off- depression |
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ecstacy, methylene dioxymethampetamine, (MDMA), gama-hydroxybutyrate (GHB/GABA) |
club drugs |
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cause sedation, memory loss, sexual misconduct relaxation |
ecstacy |
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sign and symptoms of club drugs
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hallucinations tremors behavioral changes muscle cramping |
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a developmental disorder that impairs a child's ability to communicate and interact. the cause of autism is unknown. delayed developmental milestones |
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) |
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Autism can usually be diagnosed when the child is approximately: |
2 years of age |
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sign and symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) |
- does not maintain eye contact - interact with gestures - like being cuddled and plays alone - does not respond to questions - display non verbal behavior - delay in language development - repetitive actions " ritualistic behavior" - words (echolalia) |
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child who PLAY ALONE, does not MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT, REPEATEDLY twists fingers, has INADEQUATE SPEECH, and does NOT INTERACT WITH GESTURES. |
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) |
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child with autism is admitted to the pediatric unit, which response by the nurse is best? |
"the inability to maintain eye contact is a characteristic of autism" |
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Which of the following manifestations are indications of Autism Spectrum Disorder? SATA. |
- nonverbal behavior - repetitive counting - spins a toy repetitively - delayed language development - exhibits ritualistic behavior |
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highest risk factor (ASD) |
sibling with autism - for example, while performing a developmental screening on 2 siblings. if the older sibling has autism then the younger sibling is at high risk for having it too. - higher risk factors are not having early vaccinations and not having parents of older age |
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EDUCATION ( routine and consistency) (ASD) |
- give a schedule of daily activities - maintain daily routines when possible - avoid making acute changes in their environment |
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child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). the parents say, " we are going to move our child to a different bedroom in our home" select the nurse therapeutic response. |
" child with autism spectrum disorder usually prefer things to stay the same" |
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child with ASD. which statements by the parents indicate that they understand the teaching. SATA |
- repetitive movements are common - non verbal communication is limited - maintain a daily routine whenever possible |
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what is the most important intervention when admitting a child with autism spectrum disorder? |
placement in a private room down the corridor from the nurse's station |
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both stimulants that act on the brain to increase the heart rate and blood pressure |
cocaine and methamphetamine |
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significant dental problems. the nurse expects that this patient abuses which substances? |
methamphetamine |
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the nurse finds that a patient who is a drug addict has nasal damage. which substance does the nurse suspect? |
cocaine |
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OPIOIDS ( sign and symptoms) |
- slurred incoherent speech - decreased respiratory rate (normal: 12-20) - narrowed "constricted" pupils - sedation and coma |
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OPIOIDS WITHDRAWAL ( sign and symptoms) |
- runny nose - diaphoresis (sweating) - insomnia - dilated pupils |
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which vital signs would be most concerning to the nurse? (opioids) |
respirations 10 breaths/min |
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a client uses heroin several times a day. which signs and symptoms does the nurse expect to observe? SATA |
- constricted pupils - depressed respiration - drowsiness or sedation - slurred incoherent speech |
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prevents relapse by reducing cravings |
Naltrexone |
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lowers BP (treatment- opioid withdrawal) |
clonidine |
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low dose opioid (wean off addiction) |
methadone |
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a nurse is learning how to manage patients with substance abuse disorders. which step should the nurse apply as a first-line intervention in such cases? |
providing safety and sleep |
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the client is agitated and fights against the nurse, positive for cocaine.. priority intervention? |
provide a calm atmosphere and monitor respiratory and cardiac status |
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treatment for opioids dependence. which of the following medications is used for treatment of opioid withdrawal? SATA |
clonidine methadone |
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teaching a patient with a new prescription for naltrexone? |
it helps prevent relapse by reducing your drug cravings |
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sign and symptoms of ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) ADHD |
- hyperactivity "restless" - inattention "reduced ability to focus" - impulsiveness " excessive talking" - low self esteem and impaired social skills |
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causes and risk factors (ADHD) |
head trauma:TBI (traumatic brain injury) - children who have had a serious head injury are more likely to develop ADHD later on in age. |
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risk factors of ADHD. which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? |
history of head trauma |
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management (ADHD) |
- give a written schedule of daily activities - aggressive behavior: distract the child and ask them to blow up a balloon - increased risk for injury |
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9 year old hospitalized client on bedrest who has attention deficit disorder.. which of the following should the nurse prioritize? |
provide the child a daily schedule that is typed or written |
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a nursing diagnosis that should be considered for a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is? |
risk for injury |
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new diagnosis of ADHD. which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? |
your child is at an increased risk for injury |
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a 6 year old client with ADHD. what techniques should the nurse use to communicate most effectively with the client when asking the client to complete a task? SATA |
- obtain eye contact before speaking - use simple language - have them repeat what was said - praise them if they complete a task |
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child with attention deficit disorder. which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? |
"hug your child after a task is completely performed" |
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classroom strategies for children who have ADHD. which of the following information should the nurse plan to discuss with the teachers? SATA |
- allow for regular breaks - combine verbal instruction with visual cues - establish consistent classroom rules - decrease the amount of homework assigned |
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"it is my fault that my spouse drinks so much" " i will take care of the children so that my spouse can drink" " i have lied to my spouse's boss about why he missed work" |
enabling and codependence |
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client who abuses alcohol and illicit drugs, spouse tells the nurse: " have lied to his boss, his children, and his friends and i just don't think i can do this anymore". which of the following best describes the behavior? |
Enabling |
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patient with chronic pain.. a regular dose o analgesic medication is effective in reducing the patient's pain? |
the patient is showing signs of tolerance |
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is a toxin that causes central nervous system depression, making the vital signs low and slow, causing coordination and balance problems. |
alcohol abuse |
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primary goals of counselling |
identity triggers |
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alcohol abuse (cover up) |
depression and anxiety |
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alcohol abuse (escape from) |
problems |
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after detox the primary goal of recovery is total abstinence, meaning.. |
no alcohol forever |
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recovery teaching (alcohol abuse) |
- expressed accountability: taking responsibility and acknowledging - coping skills - setting goals: develop motivation and self help skills |
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delirium tremens |
- hyperreflexia (hand tremors) - diaphoresis (sweating) - hallucinations - increase vital signs: tachycardia (hr over 100 BPM, hypertension, fever - mood: agitation and anxiety - mental: confused and restless - seizures |
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what to monitor at night (alcohol intoxication & diabetic |
blood glucose level (hypoglycemia) |
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the nurse prepares to lead a group session for... dependence on alcohol. the nurse knows that a client with a diagnosis of alcoholism drinks because of what reason? SATA |
- escape from problems - cover up depression or anxiety |
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the nurse provide care for a client diagnosed with alcohol abuse.. which is the primary goal of counselling? |
assist client to identify factors that trigger alcohol use |
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patient with alcohol misuse. what intervention does the nurse plan for the rehabilitation of this patient? |
develop motivation and self help skills |
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signs of alcohol withdrawal. what assessment will the nurse include when providing care to this client? |
- anxiety - tachycardia - irritability - tremors |
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result of sudden withdrawal from barbiturate use? |
seizures |
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the client reports drinking socially.. states, " I am anxious and shaking inside.".. v/s are temp. 100F (38°c), hr 120 BPM, rr 24/min, bp 130/90?? hg. which conclusion does the nurse make? |
the client has early signs of alcohol withdrawal |
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the nurse admits a client for possible appendicitis.. client states, " most days I drink about one pint of vodka." alcohol withdrawal delirium time frame? |
48-72 hours after last consumption |
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nursing care ( alcohol abuse) |
implement seizure precautions |
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the nurse admits a client who has a diagnosis of alcoholism and admits to drinking a pint of vodka a day.. which intervention is appropriate? |
ensure seizure precautions are in place |
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negative symptoms (schizophrenia) |
the 5 As - Affect flat (expressionless, blank look) saunders - Anhedonia ( inability to experience pleasure) client mood turned off like a light switch - Apathy & Avolition ( lack of interest or motivation) - Alogia ( poor speech) - Anxiety and Avoid ( social interaction) |
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client with schizophrenia leaves the room as soon as the nurse enters & asks about client's day. best action? |
let the client leave and sit quietly |
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+ 2 more features: - immobility - bizarre postures "muscle rigidity" - mute (no speech) - severe negativism - staring Priority: - fluid & nutritional intake |
Catatonic schizophrenia |
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"persecutory delusions" plan to care: - focus on reality & reinforce it verbally - acknowledge client's feelings |
Paranoid Schizophrenia |
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Therapeutic communication ( schizophrenia) |
Assessment: (open ended questions) - what are the voices saying? what do you see? - tell me what you are feeling at this moment - describe what you are seeing now - how does it feel to think you are being watched? - what activities did you enjoy in the past? |
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" do you see those cameras in the ceiling? I am being watched all the time." which response by the nurse is most appropriate? |
" those are sprinklers in the ceiling that come on if there is a fire. how does it feel to think you are being watched?" |
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negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia? SATA |
- verbal communication is almost nonexistent - the client needs frequent redirection because of short attention span |
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negative symptoms ( schizophrenia) |
- anhedonia - blunt affect |
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not a positive symptom of schizophrenia? |
affective flattening |
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Catatonia with catalepsy. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? |
muscle rigidity |
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facilitate awareness that hallucination is not the reality of the world |
saunders |
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Paranoid Schizophrenia refuses food, stating the voices are saying the food is contaminated and deadly. a therapeutic response for the nurse would be: |
" I understand that the voices are very real to you, but I do not hear them." |
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"there are really strange people in the corner of my room laughing at me and saying horrible things." which response by the nurse is best? |
" I don't hear any voices, but I know this is frightening for you." |
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a form of abuse that happens when the caregiver fail to provide for the needs of the elderly client either emotionally, physically and socially. |
elder neglect |
