Psych Final Exam 2

Front 1

Non rem sleep

Back 1

1

Front 2

REM sleep

Back 2

2

Front 3

REM behavior disorder

Back 3

Condition in which normal muscle paralysis does not occur, leading to violent movements during rem sleep

Mainly affects older men

Front 4

Narcolepsy

Back 4

Rare sleep.disorder in which a person falls asleep during alert activities in the day.

Front 5

Sleep apnea

Back 5

Sleep disorder in which person stops breathing during sleep.

Suggested to be 1 cause of sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death.

Front 6

Restless leg syndrome

Back 6

Person has unpleasant sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them to relieve the pain.

Front 7

Periodic limb movement

Back 7

Involuntary leg twitches or jerking movements during the sleep that occur roughly every 15-40 seconds, sometimes throughout the night.

Front 8

Nightmares vs night terrors

Back 8

NMs: rem sleep, vividly recalled

NTs: nonrem sleep, not remembered, heart rate and breathing are rapid.

Front 9

Enuresis

Back 9

Person over age of 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep.

Front 10

For each hour of time change it takes . . .

Back 10

1 day to reset our sleep circadian rhythm

Front 11

Continuity hypothesis

Back 11

Dreaming is a way of coping with daily problems and issues

Front 12

Memory theory

Back 12

Dreams are a way to consolidate info and get rid of trivial details in our memories

Front 13

Problem solving view

Back 13

We dream and we get answers

Front 14

Threat stimulation theory

Back 14

Dreaming allows us to stimulate potentially threatening situations so that we can rehearse our responses to these events.

Front 15

Activation-synthesis theory

Back 15

Suggests that dreams are the product of random firing of neural impulses during rem sleep

Front 16

Depressants

Back 16

Drugs that inhibit or slow down normal neural fxningAlcohol, barbiturates, and sedatives

fxning

Alcohol, barbiturates, and sedatives

Front 17

Alcohol

Back 17

Affects GABA,

Binge drinking: excessive alcohol use over a short period of time that brings a person's BAC to 0.08% or above.

Front 18

Rohypnol "roofies"

Back 18

Date rape drug, tranquilizer, combined effects of alcohol and rohypnol renders her unconscious and she may not recall the event.

Front 19

Opiates (narcotics)

Back 19

Painkilling drugs that depress some areas of the brain and excite others

Help with pain relief, can be great for surgery, but can be very addictive

They mimick pain inhibiting NTs in The body such as endorphins.

Morphein, codeine, heroin, opium

In addition to blocking pain, they produce an intense rush of pleasure that is like floating on a cloud.

Front 20

Stimulants

Back 20

Drugs that speed up normal brain fxning, increase alertness and mobility, decrease rxn time

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine and crack, amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy)

Front 21

Hallucinogens

Back 21

Simultaneously excite and inhibit normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perceptions, produce hallucinations or false perceptions.

Marijuana, synthetic marijuana(k2 and spice), phencyclidine (PCP), LSD(acid)

Front 22

James Lange theory

Back 22

Theory of emotion that defines an emotion as a unique pattern of physiological arousal

Front 23

Cannon-bard theory

Back 23

Theory of emotion that states emotions originate in the brain, not the body

Front 24

Two factor theory of emotion

Back 24

States that emotions result when we cognitively interpret our phsyiological reactions in light of the situation, emotions are a product of both phsyiological arousal and cognitive interpretations of this arousal

Front 25

Cognitive mediational theory

Back 25

Theory of emotion that states that our cognitive appraisal of a situation determines what emotion we feel in the situation

Front 26

Modeling is a 4 step process

Back 26

Attention, retention in memory, reproduction of the behavior, motivation

Front 27

Habituation

Back 27

Tendency of an organism to ignore repeated stimuli

Simplest type of learning seen in living things.

Front 28

Encoding

Back 28

The act of inputting info into memory

Front 29

3 stages model of memory

Back 29

Sensory memory, STM, LTM,

Problem: proposes that we can only reach LTM through STM, which isn't always true

(Reading a book, using LTM of reading before STM of trying to remember info) serial

Front 30

Working memory model, parallel memory

Back 30

Component of LTM that contains STM, central executive(attention controlling component), phonological loop (processes auditory info), and visuospatial sketchpad(processes visual and spatial info), we process diff aspects of memory at the same time

Front 31

Divergent thinking

Back 31

Ability to generate many ideas quickly in response to a single prompt

Front 32

Insight

Back 32

New way of looking at a problem that leads to a sudden understanding of how to solve a problem, aha moment

Front 33

Incubation

Back 33

Period of not thinking about a problem that helps one solve the problem.

Front 34

Intelligence quotient

Back 34

(MA/CA)*100

(MCAT)

Front 35

Preconscious

Back 35

Holds thoughts, perceptions, and impulses of which we could potentially be aware.

Front 36

Id, ego, superego

Back 36

Id: unconscious part that seeks pleasure, pleasure principle

Ego: conscious part that attempts to meet demands of id in a socially appropriate way(reality principle)

Superego: moral conscious.

Front 37

Psychosexual stages

Back 37

1

Front 38

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Back 38

1

Front 39

Erikson's psychosocial stages

Back 39

1

Front 40

Attachment

Back 40

1

Front 41

Primary and secondary appraisal

Back 41

1

Front 42

Stages of stress/ the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Back 42

Alarm reaction: immediate activation of the NS and endocrine system

Resistance stage: NS and endocrine system continue to be activated, body's resources begin to dwindle

Exhaustion stage: bodily resources are drained and wear and tear on body begins

Front 43

Cognitive distortion

Back 43

Thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative, distorted thinking patterns such as overgeneralization or all or none thinking that can lead to depression, anxiety or low self esteem.

Front 44

Major types of disorders

Back 44

1

Front 45

Major types of disorders

Back 45

2

Front 46

Major types of disorders

Back 46

3

Front 47

Delusion vs hallucinations

Back 47

Delusion; thought or belief that a person believes to be true but isn't

Hallucinations; perceiving something that doesn't exist in reality

Front 48

Catonic stupor

Back 48

Positive symptom of schizophrenia marked by disorder in motor behavior involving immobility.

Front 49

Pyschoanalytic therapies

Back 49

Free association, Dream analysis​, interpretation(psychoanalysts view on the themes and issues that may be influencing the clients behavior), Transference(client unconsciously reacts to the therapist as if he were a friend, family member, or partner), psychodynamic therapy(modern psychoanalysis delivered in a shorter time focusing on the clients current problems rather than on his past)

Front 50

Humanistic therapy

Back 50

Client centered therapy(empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard)

Front 51

Behavior therapy

Back 51

CC techniques:

systematic desensitization (replaces anxiety or fear with response of relaxation and positive emotion), flooding(client is exposed to a feared object for a long time), aversion therapy(specific behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus in order to reduce its occurrence), covert sensitization (milder form of aversion Therapy, graphic imagery is used)

OC techniques:

Positive reinforcement, nonreinforcemnt and extinction, punishment, shaping(positively reinforcing each successive attempt at a behavior followed by a negative consequence), token economy.

Front 52

Cognitive therapies

Back 52

Rational emotive therapy: focuses on changing the irrational beliefs that impede mental health

Cognitive therapy: focuses on uncovering negative automatic patterns that impede mental health.

Front 53

Biomedical therapies

Back 53

Psychopharmacology: use of meds to treat mental health problems

Antidepressants: meds prescribed to alleviate the symptoms of depression, eating disorders and some anxiety disorders

Antimanic meds: drugs that alleviate manic symptoms of bipolar disorder

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: electromagnetic impulses stimulate brain neurons, used to treat depression

Electroconvulsive therapy: electrical current is passed through brain, causing a seizure, used to alleviate depression, last resort treatment option

Psychosurgery: neurosurgery to alleviate symptoms in someone with a mental health disorder