Psych Final - Ch. 12 Self And Social Understanding

Front 1

sense of self

Back 1

knowledge, beliefs, judgements and feeling about oneself as a person

Front 2

self-handicapping

Back 2

action undermines one's own success as a way of protecting self-worth during difficult tasks

Front 3

contingent self-worth

Back 3

overall sense of self that is highly dependent on others' opinions

Front 4

autobiographical self

Back 4

mental "history" of events important in one's life

Front 5

imaginary audience

Back 5

belief that one is the center of attention in any social situation

Front 6

personal fable

Back 6

belief held by many adolescents that they are unique beings invulnerable to normal risks and dangers

Front 7

identity

Back 7

self-constructed definition of who one is, what things one finds important, what one believes and what goals one wants to accomplish in life

Front 8

identity diffusion

Back 8

the adolescent has made no commitment to a particular career path or ideological belief system. Probably there has been some haphazard experimentation with particular roles or beliefs, but the adolescent has not yet embarked on a serious exploration of issues related to self-definition

Front 9

foreclosure

Back 9

the adolescent has made a commitment to an occupation and a particular set of beliefs. The choices have been made without much deliberation or exploration of other possibilities; rather they have been based largely on what others (especially parents) have prescribed

Front 10

moratorium

Back 10

the adolescent has no strong commitment to a particular career or set of beliefs but is actively exploring and considering a variety of professions and ideologies.

Front 11

identity achievement

Back 11

the adolescent has previously gone through a period of moratorium and emerged with a clear choice regarding occupation and commitment to political and religious beliefs

Front 12

gender schema

Back 12

self-constructed body of beliefs about the traits and behaviors of males or females

Front 13

androgyny

Back 13

tendency to have some characteristics that are stereotypically female or male

Front 14

self-socialization

Back 14

tendency to integrate personal observations and others' input into self-constructed standards for behaviors and to choose actions consistent with those standards

Front 15

ethnic identity

Back 15

awareness of being a member of a particular ethnic or cultural group and willingness to adopt certain behaviors characteristic of that group

Front 16

social cognition

Back 16

process of thinking about how other people are likely to think, act and react and choosing one's own interpersonal behaviors accordingly

Front 17

theory of mind

Back 17

awareness that people have an inner, psychological life (thoughts, beliefs, feelings, etc)

Front 18

intentionality

Back 18

engagement in an action congruent with one's purpose or goal

Front 19

recursive thinking

Back 19

thinking about what other people may be thinking about oneself, possibly through multiple iterations

Front 20

social perspective taking

Back 20

imagining what someone else might be thinking or feeling

Front 21

social information processing

Back 21

series of cognitive steps used in understanding and responding to social events

Front 22

social-cognitive bias

Back 22

mental shortcut in thinking about other people or social events

Front 23

stereotype

Back 23

rigid, simplistic and erroneous characterization of a particular group

Front 24

prejudice

Back 24

display of negative attitudes, feelings and behaviors toward particular individuals because of their membership in a specific group

Front 25

social skills

Back 25

strategies used to interact effectively with others

Front 26

peer pressure

Back 26

tactics used to encourage some behaviors and discourage others in age-mates

Front 27

prosocial behavior

Back 27

action intended to benefit another person rather than oneself

Front 28

aggression

Back 28

action intentionally taken to hurt another either physically or psychologically

Front 29

sympathy

Back 29

feeling of sorrow and concern about another's problems or distress

Front 30

physical aggression

Back 30

action that can potentially cause bodily injury

Front 31

relational aggression

Back 31

action that can adversely affect interpersonal relationships

Front 32

proactive aggression

Back 32

deliberate aggression against another as a means of obtaining a desired goal

Front 33

reactive aggression

Back 33

aggressive response to frustration or provocation

Front 34

hostile attribution bias

Back 34

tendency to interpret others' behaviors as reflecting hostile or aggressive intentions

Front 35

peer mediation

Back 35

approach to conflict resolution in which one child or adolescent (the mediator) asks peers in conflict to express their differing viewpoints and then work together to identify an appropriate compromise