Psych Final 2

Front 1

______________ are a class of disorders marked by chronic, troublesomefeelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Back 1

Anxiety Disorders

Front 2

Studies suggest that anxiety disorders are quite common, occurring in roughly __% of the population.

Back 2

19%

Front 3

_____________ is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat. People with this disorder worry constantly about minor matters. Their anxiety is frequently accompanied by physical symptoms, such as dizziness, sweating, and heart palpitations.

Back 3

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Front 4

____________ is marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object orsituation that presents no realistic danger.

Back 4

Phobic Disorder

Front 5

_____ is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelminganxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

Back 5

Panic Disorder

Front 6

A fear of going out to public places.

Back 6

Agoraphobia

Front 7

Marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusionsof unwanted thoughts, which are called obsessions, and urges to engage in senselessrituals, which are called compulsions.

Back 7

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Front 8

____________ indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs ofrelatives that exhibit the same disorder.

Back 8

Concordance Rate

Front 9

Therapeutic drugs that reduce excessiveanxiety, such as Valium, appear to increase inhibitory activity at ______ synapses. This finding suggests that disturbances in the neural circuitsusing ______ may play a role in some types of anxiety disorders.

Back 9

GABA

Front 10

Many anxiety responses, especially phobias, may be acquired through_______________ _______.

Back 10

Classical Conditioning

Front 11

Anxiety responses may be maintained through _____ _________. After afear is acquired, people often start avoiding the anxiety-producing stimulus,like taking the stairs instead of the elevator.

Back 11

Operant Conditioning

Front 12

___________ are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Back 12

Dissociative Disorders

Front 13

________ ______ is a sudden loss of memory for important personalinformation that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

Back 13

Dissociative Amnesia

Front 14

_____________ ______ is when people lose their memory for their entire livesalong with their sense of personal identity. They forget their name, family,where they live, etc., but still know how to do math and drive a car.

Back 14

Dissociative Fugue

Front 15

Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete,and usually very different, personalities

Back 15

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Front 16

_______ _______ are a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbancesof varied kinds that may spill over to physical, perceptual, social, andthought processes.

Back 16

Mood Disorders

Front 17

___________ is marked by profound sadness, slowed thoughtprocesses, low self-esteem, and loss of interest in previous sources ofpleasure.

Back 17

Major Depressive Disorder (Unipolar Depression)

Front 18

Research suggests that the lifetime prevalence rate of unipolar depression isbetween ________

Back 18

7-18%

Front 19

characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes usuallyaccompanied by periods of depression. In a manic episode, a person’smood becomes elevated to the point of euphoria.

Back 19

Bipolar Disorder

Front 20

People are given the diagnosis of ___________ when they exhibitchronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.

Back 20

Cyclothymic Disorder

Front 21

People with mood disorders account for account for about ____% of completed suicides.

Back 21

60%

Front 22

Twin studies point to a ________ __________ of mood disorders.

Back 22

Genetic Predisposition

Front 23

Depressed people who ruminate about their depression ____ _____ ________ than those who try to distract themselves

Back 23

Remain depressed longer

Front 24

___________ disorders involve severe disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

Back 24

Schizophrenic

Front 25

A class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

Back 25

Schizophrenia

Front 26

Dominated by delusions of persecution, along withdelusions of grandeur

Back 26

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Front 27

Marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

Back 27

Catatonic Type of schizophrenia

Front 28

A particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen

Back 28

Disorganized Type of schizophrenia

Front 29

Marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms

Back 29

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Front 30

Schizophrenic disorders are far less common than anxiety or mood disorders,occurring in roughly _% of the population

Back 30

1%

Front 31

Like mood disorders, schizophrenic disorders appear to be accompaniedby changes in ____________ activity. Excess dopamine activity has beenimplicated as a possible cause of schizophrenia, however the evidence iscomplex and open to debate

Back 31

Neuortransmitter

Front 32

Neurological defects may also contribute to some cases of schizophrenia.Research suggests that there is an association between schizophreniaand _____________, which are its hollow,fluid-filled cavities.

Back 32

Enlargement of ventricles in the brain

Front 33

________ ______ is the degree to which a relative of a schizophrenic patientdisplays highly critical or emotionally over involved attitudes toward the patient.A family’s expressed emotion is a good predictor of the course of aschizophrenic patient’s illness

Back 33

Expressed emotion

Front 34

Schizophrenic patients from families high in expressedemotion show a relapse rate about ___ times that of patients from familieslow in expressed emotion.

Back 34

3 times

Front 35

Most theories of schizophrenia are ________ ___________.These models assume that stress interacts with vulnerability intriggering schizophrenic disorders.

Back 35

Stress-Vulnerability models

Front 36

Since the 1990’s we have been seeing an increase in the rate of about _ times that of before the mid 90’s in Autism, and it is currently at about1% of the population

Back 36

4 times

Front 37

Distress-inducing eating binges that are notaccompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia

Back 37

Binge-Eating Disorder

Front 38

Distinguishing one illness from another

Back 38

Diagnosis

Front 39

The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Back 39

Etiology

Front 40

A forecast about the probably course of an illness

Back 40

Prognosis

Front 41

People are judged to have psychological disorders only when their behavior becomes extremely ____, _____, or _____.

Back 41

Deviant, Maladaptive, or distressing

Front 42

Suggests that people are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears much more easily than others.

Back 42

Martin Seligman

Front 43

A diminished ability to experience pleasure

Back 43

Anhedonia

Front 44

Asserts that excess dopamine activity is the neurochemical basis for schizophrenia

Back 44

Dopamine Hypothesis

Front 45

Asserts that schizophrenia is caused in part by various disruptions in the normal maturational processes of the brain before or at birth

Back 45

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Front 46

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event

Back 46

Representativeness Heurisitc

Front 47

The coexistence of two or more disorders

Back 47

Comorbidity

Front 48

Occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone

Back 48

Conjunction Fallacy

Front 49

Basing the estimated probablity of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind

Back 49

Availability Heuristic