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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristics of qualitative
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based in contextualism
intensive contact with a setting and research participants identification of assumptions and biases data are words thick description/insider knowlege |
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strategies to strenghten qualitative research
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reflexivity
triangulation |
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refexivity
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helps biases come out and letting yourself be exposed
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triangulation
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using multiple methods of data collection to understand phenomeon
multiple researchers, multiple methods |
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advantages of qualitative
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exploration of topics rarely researched
indepth knowlege attend to unheard voices insider perspective leads to theory development |
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limitations of qualitative
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small samples
limited generalizability time consuming requires a lot of resources |
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METHODS:
qualitative interviewing |
participants describe their experiences in their own words
open ended multiple interview approaches benefits:flexible, more structured if needed, share stories challanges: time consuming, generalibility. |
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focus group
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an interview with a group of people with something in common
participatns respond to questions or discussion topics 6-12 ppl discussion guided by moderator have ppl that dont know eachother benefits: saves time, $$ challanges:vary in time, limits amount of info you can collect, ppl reluctant |
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organizational/communities case study
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in depth study of one event, setting or individual
can be multiple levels of analysis methods can include observations, interviews or review of document benefits: deep understanding, variety of methods, unique situaitons challanges: very little generalizability |
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characteristics of quantitative
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based in positivism
relationship with variables standardized measurement approaches cause and effect hypothesis setting data are numbers |
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generaliziblity
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predictable statement that can be true to multiple settings/context/communities
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advantages of quantitaitve
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ability to compare findings across studies
control for extraneous variables large sample sizes data is easily managed studies are easily replicated attention to relaiblility and validity |
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limitations of quantitaive
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can not explore unique experiences of participants
based on previous knowledge may lack sensitivity time consuming and difficult |
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METHODS:
Experimental social innovation and dissemination (ESID) |
create an innovation
evaluation of an innovation dissemination of findings closely related to laboratory studies |
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process of ESID
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collaboration
definition fact finding research design innovation outcome assesment dissemination of finding |
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Randomized Field Experiments: ESID approach 1
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participants are randomly assigned
experimental and control group outcomes are measured before and after innovation group1: premeasurement-->innovation-->postmeasurement group2: premeasurement-->control setting-->post measurement |
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advantages
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large understanding of what expectations and effects are
clearer interpretation of what experiment/innovation accomplished helps you measure things |
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disadvantages
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not ethical to administer control over people
time consuming and expensive intrusive to people |
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Nonequivalent comparison group design ESID approach 2
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random assignment is not possible
comparison groups shoul dbe similar community1: pre measurement-->innovation-->post measurement community2: premeasurement-->time pass-->post measurement |
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advantages
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flexibility
study things in naturally occuring environment less intrusive |
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disadvantages
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less control
differences in controls |
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Interrupted Time Series design: ESID approach 3
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used when random assign not possible
often used in single case experiments repeated measurement over time individual: premeasurement-->innovation-->post measurement |
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advantages
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flexible
longitudinal perspective |
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disadvantages
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seasonal variations
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safeguarding against unethical research
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informed voluntary consent (numemberg code)
respect for persons (belmont report) benefience (do no harm) justice instituitional review board |
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types of program evaluation
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prior to program: needs/assets assesment
during program: process evaluation after program: outcome/impact evaluation |
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outcome/impact evaluation
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outcome: assesment of the short term program effects
impact: assessment of the long term program effects |
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pluralism
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no group represent the norm equality
emphasis on strenghts |
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key dimensions of diversity
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culture: societal norms for behavior
race: physical attribute ethnicity: social identity based on ones culture gender: roles in which men and women aer supposed to fill sexual orientation: attraction, emotions social class: power, economic resources, barriers in society ability/disability age localities: differences in communitites and similarities religion/spiritualityu |
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individualism
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self reliance- motivated, responsiblity to have needs met
competition- emphasis on individual achievement |
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collectivism
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cooperation
group interests- emphasis on group achievement, more common to see equality, success of group members is shared |
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oppression
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unjust inequalities which present one group of people with power, resources,and opportunities while withholding the same power, resources and opportunities from other groups of people
- hierachy in society: dominant group and opressed group (BOTH groups have strength) |
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characteristics of oppression
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dominant group
opporessed group (can be members of BOTH groups) |
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oppressive mechan"isms"
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racism
sexism classism hetersexism ageism ableism |
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how oppression is sustained
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myths/stigma- people rationalize oppression
media-presents misleading images institutionalized policies- mental healthcare has cap, physical healthcare is unlimited, police profiling |
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liberation
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second order change
securing full human rights by remaking or organizing society by excluding the oppressor or oppressed |
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defining community
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geographic location
personal characteristics shared interests |
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types of communities
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locality- based community, city blocks, small towns, relational community- definied by interpersonal relations with other people (isnt bound by geography)
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social capital
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connections among individuals
concepts and types of social capital |
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formal social capital
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social connections that arise through involvement in community organizations
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informal social capital
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social connections that arise through friendships
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2 ways to build social capital
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bonding: developing stong social-emotional ties with other people, closest to sense of community
bridging: creating links with communities or groups that may be different |
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McMillian and Chavis
elements of sense of community |
membership
influence integrations and fullfillment of needs shared emotional connections |
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membership
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boundaries
common symbol experience of emotional safety personal investment sense of belonging and identification |
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influence
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reciprocal influence
members-->community |
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integration, fullfillment of needs
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shared values
need fullfillment resource exchange |
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shared emotional connections
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strong member bond
what influences shared emotional connections ex. crisis, unique experiences, positive interaction among members |
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Warren and Warren sense of community in neighborhood and localities
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shared neighborhood identity
interactions among neighborhoods residents links to larger communities |
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stress coping and social support
processes related to coping |
risk factors (poverty, discrimination)
protective factors- give us resources for coping, resiliance, help adapt to stress |
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ecological framework for coping
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coping is contextual
influential factors: resource availablitiy interpretation of stressors cultural tradition status in society neighborhood context |
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stressors
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circumstances where by there is a threat or acutal loss of resources or scarcity of resources
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types of stressors
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major life events
life transactions daily hassels chronic stressors disasters |
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resources
factors that promote health and well being |
material resources (money, housing)
social emotional (social power, status) social cultural (ethnic group we identify with) |
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the coping process: Appraisal
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how we decide what is stressful and whats not
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primary appraisal
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determining how stressful situation is (how intense)
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secondary appraisal
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what resources and coping options do i have to deal what are consequences of stressful event
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repraisal
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refrain way of thinking
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the coping process: emotions
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individuals approaches to coping
dimensions of coping responses |
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problem focused coping
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identifying, interpreting, acting
(self help group) |
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emotion
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strategies that deal with emotional reaction
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meaning focused coping
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finding meaning in stressful event
look for positives |
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prosocial coping
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relationships with others
care for others ex. call friends when stressed out |
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antisocial coping
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acting impulsive and harmful
disreguard for other people ex. stressful science course, act competitively with student to deal with difficult class |
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outcomes of coping
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enhanced wellness
resilliance thriving social embedness empowerment |
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resources for coping
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social support
psychosocial competenticies spiritual/religion mutual health groups |
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characteristics of social support
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social
emotional cognitive behavioral promoting adaptive coping |
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types of social support
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generalized
social intergration emotional support specific support encouragement informational tangible |
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multidimensional
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connected with individual in more than one way
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unidimensional
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person in network serves only one role
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understanding social support networks
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our relationships with others
density of networks recopricity |
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psychosocial compentecies
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characteristics that help us cope with stressors
personal (emotions) social (understanding others) |
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mutual health groups
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focal problem or concern
peer leadership peer relationship recopricity of helping |
