Psych Exam

Front 1

The greatest degree of generalization

Back 1

Figure 2

Front 2

Greatest degree of discrimination

Back 2

Figure 4

Front 3

In errorless discrimination training

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The S- is introduced in very weak form

Front 4

Robert eisenberger found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the lever of effort on other tasks.

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Generalization

Front 5

Armadillors curl up into a ball when attacked. After learning to do it with buzzer:

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Preparedness

Front 6

Efforts to teach chimps to talk failed mainly because

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The chimps lack the biological structures for speech

Front 7

Identical twins seperated at it soon after birth are reared apart typically have

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Similar IQs

Front 8

Jack and Jill

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Free recall

Front 9

It turns out Jack can't remember anything that happened. Jill takes him back up the hill and finds that he remembers seeing the well

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Prompted recall

Front 10

In the Pryor chapter in communication what does the baboon communicate to it'd trainer

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The location for his shot

Front 11

"Change is only constant: is attributed to

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Lucretius

Front 12

The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning

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Is faster

Front 13

The phenomenon that is nearly the opposite of habituatuon is

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Sensitization

Front 14

Variation and natural selection are the foundations of

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Evolution

Front 15

Modal action patterns are induced by events called

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Releasers

Front 16

Learning should be defined as a change in response potential because of difference in

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What an organism does and what it is capable of doing

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Something an organism tries to escape or avoid

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Aversive

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The procedure used to measure a behavior

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Operational

Front 19

In within subject experiments each subjects performance is compared with the performance during a

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Control period

Front 20

Using aba research design Is rather like using a

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Light switch

Front 21

Your text defines behavior as anything an organism does that can be

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Measured

Front 22

Any variable an experimenter manipulates is

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Independent variable

Front 23

Unconditional reflex and conditional reflex aka

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Conditioned and unconditioned

Front 24

What fascinated Pavlov most about his salivating dogs was that

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The dogs began to salivate before receiving food

Front 25

An innate reflex response to a stimulus

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Unconditional

Front 26

Pavlovian conditioning is also called

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Classical conditioning

Front 27

The experiment in which a dog learned to salivate at sight out a black square after it had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of

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Higher order conditioning

Front 28

One way to determine if conditioning has occured is to present the CS alone.

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Extinction trial

Front 29

What conditioning procedure is least likely to produce conditioning

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Backward

Front 30

In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the

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Time between CS AND US

Front 31

A stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with a negative stimulus such as shock or emetic drug

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Aversion therapy

Front 32

We should be more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones

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Latent inhibition

Front 33

The law of effect says that

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Behavior is a function of its consequences

Front 34

Operant learning Is also referred to as

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Instrumental learning

Front 35

According to the one process theory of avoidance the avoidance response is reinforced by

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A reduction in the number of aversice events

Front 36

The level of deprivation is less important when the reinforced used is a

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Secondary

Front 37

The one thing that all reinforcers have in common is that they

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Strengthen behavior

Front 38

The reappearance of previously effective operant behavior during extinction is called

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Spontaneous recovery

Front 39

Secondary reinforcers are also called

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Conditioned reinforcers

Front 40

The word positive in positive punishment refers to

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Something is added

Front 41

When a student repeatedly behaves in an inappropriate way, the teachers first step should be to

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Try to discover what is reinforcing the behavior

Front 42

One idea for preventing learned helplessness is

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Immunization training

Front 43

Shaping is the reinforcement of successive

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Approximations of a desired behavior

Front 44

The chief problem with extinction as a way of reducing the frequency of potentially harmful behavior is that

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It is slow

Front 45

Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to

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Reduce its effectiveness

Front 46

The two process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves

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Pavlovian and operant learning

Front 47

For behaviorism punishers are defined by

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Their effects on behavior

Front 48

John spent his simmer picking cantaloupes for a farmer. the farmer paid John a certain amount for every basket of cantaloupes picked John worked on A

Back 48

Fixed ratio schedule

Front 49

The schedule to use if you want to produce the most rapid learning of new behaviors

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CRF

Front 50

The schedule that is not an intermittent schedule is

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FR 1

Front 51

A reduction in response rate following reinforcement is called

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Post reinforcement pause

Front 52

CRF is synonymous with

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FR 1

Front 53

Bill spend his summer in the city panhandling. everyday he takes the position on a busy corner and accoss passer by saying can you spare some change. most people ignore him but every now and then someone give him money bills reinforcement schedule is best described as

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Variable ratio schedule

Front 54

The schedule that is likely to produce accumulative record with scallops is the

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FI schedule

Front 55

When reinforcement is contingent on continuous performance of an activity

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Duration

Front 56

The first studies of observational learning

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Failed to find evidence of observational learning in animals

Front 57

The tendency to imitate model behavior even when doing so is not reinforced is called

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Generalized imitation

Front 58

A panel of experts reviewed studies of the influence of violence depicted on television and in film on aggressive behavior of children they found that the evidence for a casual connection between viewing such violence and aggressive behavior was

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Overwhelming

Front 59

Problem behavior in children can usually be dealt with efficiently through

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Differential reinforcement

Front 60

In treatment of long-standing self injurious behavior punishment is often

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Effective

Front 61

what is used to get a bull elephant to cooperate with having his toenails trimmed

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Shaping

Front 62

What quality is apparently quite common in people who make false confessions

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Very suggestible

Front 63

I knew it all along is an example of

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Hindsight bias

Front 64

Which of the following has not been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for PTSD

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Lithium

Front 65

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Nolan hoeksemas research

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Ruminators Usually recognize that their remediation is a wasted effort

Front 66

One of the bias sins discussed by Schecter was explained as being due to the human need for an energy saving device in making sense of our world. This bias is

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Stereotypical biased

Front 67

What brain structure appears to be heavily involved in the sin of persistence

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Amygdala

Front 68

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors discussed in class that affects the quality of the adult memory

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Overactivity

Front 69

The first person to demonstrate the relationship between forgetting and degree of learning was probably

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Ebbinghause

Front 70

Comparing iconic memory to echoic memories which of the following statements is most accurate

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Iconic memory dissipates the quickest

Front 71

When what we learn on Tuesday interferes with our ability to recall what we learned on Monday we speak of

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retroactive interference

Front 72

What part of the brain appears to be heavily involved in the sin of transience

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Hippocampus

Front 73

With which type of prospective memory are older people almost as good as younger people

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Event-based

Front 74

Which of the following herbs is not discussed by Schachter as possible aid of our memory system

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Magnesium

Front 75

In the final chapter in prayers book she discussed the term that is used to refer to a clicker that is used in human training to avoid offending oversensitive humans it is called a

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tagger

Front 76

When details from a memory get contaminated by another memory in which the two incidents become intertwined it is called

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Memory binding