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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Puberty
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-Flood of biological events leading to an adult sized body and sexual maturity
-as they move from childhood to adolescent |
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Growth from puberty
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Growth spurt-rapid gain in height and weight
-Cephalocaudal Growth Trend-outer to inner. hands and feet,then arms legs and lastly torso -Muscle fate makeup: boys:more tissue Girls:more body fat |
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Sexual Maturation characteristics
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Primary:reproductive organs
Secondary:under arm,pubic hair breast development,voice deepens |
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Menarche
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-girls first menstruation
-typically age 12.5 -follow menarch is dev of arm hair and breasts -takes place after growth spurt:body enlarges for child bearing -Usually begins w breast development and growth spurt |
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Spermarche
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-first ejaculation
-first sign is enlarged testes -change in texture and color of scrotum -then pubic hair and enlarged penis -deepening of voice and facial hair -typically age 13.5 |
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Emotions
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-ups and downs,extreme mood swins to do bio,psycho and social forces.
-more mood swings than adults because of the experiences they are going through -typically down in mood at school,work,church -higher mood with peers |
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Puberty as ideographic developmental concept and with menarche and spermarche
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-individual diff in timing (age of onset) and rates of change (temp)
Menarche timing:ovulation occurs,assesmets more accurate cuz they dont have control Spermarche: -men can control when ejaculation occurs |
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Timing of puberty Influences
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-genetics
-environmental factors: stress in small amts:accelerates stress in big amts:delays malnutrion-delays obesity:accelerates Intense physical activity:accelerate |
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Secular Trend:Puberty
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-decline in age of which menarche ovvurs
-genetic change lends added support to role of physical well being in puberty development |
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Physical brain development:
prefrontal cortex synaptic pruning myelination |
Prefrontal cortex:frontal lobes of brain
synaptic pruning:neurons that are stimulated lose their synapses Myelination:axons covered w myelin |
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Physical Brain Development:Limbic System
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-group of structures in innermost part of brain
-invloves hypothalumus,amidgola and parts of cereberal cortex -neurotransmitters-chemical messengers -changes in level of dopamine and serotonin -leads to adolescents becoming more emotional and more responsive to stress,less responsive to rewards |
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Timing of brain maturation:
limbic system prefrontal cortex |
limbic system-at puberty
prefrontal cortex-several years after puberty |
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adolescence and sleep
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-change in sleep patterns
-stay up later at night, sleep later in the morning -not getting enough sleep, nap more,not awake for school |
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Piaget's Formal Operational:Stage 4
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-adolescents develop capacity for abstract,systematic scientific thinking
-changes develop gradually through adolescence |
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piagets stage 4:formal operational
Factors: Change: |
Factors
-education -relevence Change: -seperate real from possible |
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Piagets formal operational:
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning |
-when faced with a problem,start with hypothesis
-deduce logical testable inferences from hypothesis -see which inferences are confirmed in the real world |
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Propositional Thought
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-adolescents ability to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without refering to real-world circumstances
-analyze logic of statements -formal op. require language based and other symbolic systems that dont stand for real things -also includes verbal reasoning about abstract concepts |
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Idealism
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-often used with abstract principles of justice,indiv rights
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Parent relations
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-increase in conflict
-argue of responsibilities and rights why more arguemnts? adolescent:issue is personal choice parent:issue is important social convention |
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Change:Improved metacognition
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"awareness of thought:
-able to think about ones own thinking -analyze own opinions and beliefs -expands,leading to new insights into effective strategies for aquiring info and solving problems -better at monitoring own learning |
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Adolescent egocentrism
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tendency to become introspective:may lead to extreme self-absorption
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imaginary audience
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belief that they are focus of everyones attention
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personal fable
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feeling of invisibility,couldnt happen to them
-disagree whether it peaks in adolescents -link to adolescent adjustment |
