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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation
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all the processes that initiate, direct and sustain behavior
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components of motivation (3)
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1.activation
2.persistence 3.intensity |
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motive
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need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
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intrinsic motivation
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enjoying and satisfying
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extrinsic motivation
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gain some external reward or avoid undesirable consequence
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drive-reduction theory
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theory of motivation suggesting biological needs create drives which organisms are motivated to reduce
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arousal theory
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people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal\
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stimulus motives
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motives that cause humans to increase stimulation when arousal is too low
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yerkes-dodson law
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high arousal for simple tasks, moderate for moderately difficult tasks,
low for complex tasks |
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Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs
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-need for self-actualization
-esteem needs -belonging and love needs -safety needs -physiological needs |
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social motive
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motive that is acquired thru experience and interaction with others
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need for acheivement
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need to accomplish something difficult and perform at a high standard of excellence
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goal orientation theory
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mastery approach
mastery avoidance performance avoidance performance approach |
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set point theory
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each person is genetically programmed to carry a certain amount of body weight
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sexual response cycle
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1.excitement phase
2.plateau phase 3.orgasm 4.refractory period |
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James-Lange Theory
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emotional feelings result when an individual becomes aware of a physiological response to an emotion provoking stimulus
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Cannon - Bard Theory
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emotion provoking stimulus is transmitted simulataneously through the cerebral cortex providing the conscious mental experience of the emotion, causing physiological arousal
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Schachter-Singer Theory
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for an emotion to occur there must be 1.physiological arousal and 2. cognitive interpretation and explanation of the arousal
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Lazarus Theory
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cognitive appraisal is the first step in an emotional response and all other aspects depend on it
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basic emotions
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unlearned and universal, same facial expression across cultures
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display rules
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cultural rules that dictate how and when emotions should be expressed
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stress
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physiological and psychological response to a condition the threatens or challenges a person and requires a form of adaptation or adjustment
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fight of flight
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response to stress in which the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body to flee or fight
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Social Readjustment Rating Scale
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ranks 43 life events from most stressful to least stressful
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approach approach conflict
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choosing between two equally desirable alternatives
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avoidance avoidance conflict
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choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives
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approach avoidance conflict
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choice has desirable and undesirable features
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General Adaptation Syndrome
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sequence of reactions in response to a stressor:
alarm stage resistance stage exhaustion stage |
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primary appraisal
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evaluation of a potentially stressful event to determine if it is positive, negative, or irrelevant
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secondary appraisal
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evaluation of resources and options prior to deciding how to deal with a stressor
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problem focused coping
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direct response aimed at reducing modifying or eliminating a source of stress
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emotion focused coping
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response involving reappraisal of a stressor to reduce its emotional impact
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type A personality
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marked by a sense of time urgency, impatience, excessive competitiveness, anger and hostility
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type B personality
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marked by a relaxed easygoing approach to life, without time urgency, impatience and hostility
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type D personality
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people who exhibit chronic emotional distress combined with a tendency to suppress negative emotions
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personality
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a persons characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking and feeling
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psychoanalysis
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Freud's Theory of personality and this therapy for treating psychological distorders
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conscious
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thoughts feelings sensations or memories of which a person is aware at any given moment
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preconscious
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thoughts feelings sensations etc. that a person is not consciously aware of at any give moment but may easily be brought to consciousness
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unconscious
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primary motivating force of human behavior, repressed memories
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id
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unconscious desires, life and death instincts
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ego
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logical, rational, largely conscious
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superego
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moral system of personality
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psychosexual development
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series of stages through which sexual instinct develops
oral anal phallic latency genital |
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fixation
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arrested development at a psychosexual stage occuring because of excessive gratification or frustration at that stage
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Oedipus/Elektra Complex
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conflict in which child is attracted to opposite sex parent and feels hostility toward same sex parent
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personal unconscious
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layer of the unconscious that contains thoughts perceptions and experiences as well as memories, wishes and impulses
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collective unconscious
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the most inaccessible layer of the unconscious which contains universal experiences of human kind throughout evolution
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archetype
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a tendency to respond to universal human situations in particular ways
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self actualization
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developing to ones full potential
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conditions of worth
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conditions on which the positive regard of others rest
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unconditional positive regard
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unqualified caring and nonjudgemental experience of another
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trait
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a personal characteristic that is stable across situations and is used to describe/explain personality
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cardinal trait
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strong part of ones personality
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central trait
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desirable trait
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surface trait
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observable qualities of personality
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source trait
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deeper, more general underlying personality factor
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PEN model
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psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism
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five-factor model
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trait theory that attempts to explain personality using 5 factors:
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism |
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social-cognitive theory
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view that personality can be defined as a collection of learned behaviors acquired thru social interaction
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reciprocal determinism
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banduras concept of mutual influential relationship among behavior, cognitive factors and environment
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self efficacy
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perception a person has of his/her ability to perform competently whatever is attempted
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internal locus of control
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seeing one self as primarily in control of behavior
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external locus of control
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what happens to one self is in the hands of fate/luck/chance
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individualism/collectivism dimension
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increase of a cultures emphasis on either individual acheivement or social relationships
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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most extensive and used personality test, used to search for and diagnose psychiatric problems and disorders
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California Personality Inventory
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highly regarded personality test developed for normal individuals 13+
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Myers-Brigg Type Indicator
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personality test
Extraversion v. Introversion Sensing v. Intuition Thinking v. Feeling Judging v. Perceptive |
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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composed of 10 inkblots that the test taker is asked to describe
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Thematic Apperception Test
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drawings of human situations which test takers describe to reveal inner thoughts and feelings
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