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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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The study of the mind, behavior.
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Physiological Psychology
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studies biological phases of behavior and thought.
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Experimental Psychology
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sensation, perception
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Mnemonic
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memory device using associations in your mind.
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Cognitive Psychology
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problem solving, thinking, reason
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Personality
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study of how people differ from one another on traits such as anxiety, sociability, self esteem, need for achievement, and aggressiveness.
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Clinical Psychoanalysis
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concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
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Social Psychology
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study of how people influence one another.
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Developmental Psychology
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study of physical and mental growth from birth to old age. (e.g.) child psychology, adolescent, and life span.
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Study of psychological principles in industry and business examples:
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selecting/training personnel, productivity improvement, working conditions, impact of automation.
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Rationalism
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Innate ideas are inherited
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Empiricism (tabula rasa)
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what we become is based on the experiences we have
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Nature vs. Nurture
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How much is our behavior like our surroundings?
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William Wundt
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Combined physiology with empiricism.
Established first laboratory in Leipzig, 1879 used introspection as primary research method. |
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Scientific Method
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involves careful observation of events in the world, the formation of predictions, based on these observations, and then the testing of those predictions by further observation.
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Functionalism
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practical nature of the mind
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William James
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"Stream of Consciousness" and mind "in use"
Forerunner of educational and industrial psychology. |
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Sigmund Freud
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Argued that behavior is influenced by dynamic and unconscious internal structures.
Developed Psychoanalysis |
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John Watson and B.F. Skinner
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argued that behavior is controlled by patterns of reward and punishment
Viewed the mind as a "black box" that was irrelevant. |
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Carl Rogers
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Assumed "free will" to think and act as we choose.
Choices are dictated by perceptions. |
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Cognitive Approach
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currently dominant approach in psychology
emphasizes importance of mental processes. Thinking, Remembering, Decision Making. |
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Evolutionary Psychology
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studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes
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Cross Cultural Psychology
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Investigates similarities and differences between cultures
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Pseudo-psychology
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increasingly popular area of interest of the general public
areas of study include: telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis |
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Educational Psychology
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involves the study and application of learning and teaching methods
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School Psychology
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encompasses work in elementary of secondary schools, dealing primarily with the evaluation of students abilities and interests
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American Psychological Association (APA)
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the major professional organization of psychologists in the united states. founded in 1852.
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American Psychological Society (APS)
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founded with the stated purpose of better representing the academic and research interests of psychology and to more effectively promote psych as a science.
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Theory
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A logical explanation for all of the relevant data or facts scientists have observed regarding certain natural phenomena.
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Hypothesis
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Statement proposing the existence of a relationship between variables, typically as a tentative explanation for cause and effect.
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Sample
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subset of larger population
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Random Sample
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every subject has an equal chance of being selected
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Representative Sample
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Characteristics of participants correspond to larger population
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Survey Method
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Questionnaires are commonly used to collect information about beliefs, attitudes, opinions, etc.
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Case Study Method
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Detailed description and analysis of an individual or small group.
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Naturalistic Observation Method
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Systematic observation in natural setting
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Correlation Method
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Statistical technique used to determine the relationship between two or more variables
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Experimental Method
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only method that can determine cause and effect
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Independent Variable
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a condition or factor that the experimenter manipulates
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Dependent Variable
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the resulting behavior that is measured and recorded
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Statistics
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mathematical methods for describing and interpreting data.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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consists of the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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neural tissue outside the brain and spinal cord
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