Psych Exam 2 - Ch 4

Front 1

Stream of Consciousness

Back 1

continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts and feelings

Front 2

Consciousness

Back 2

an individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal (engaged in the environment)

Front 3

metacognition

Back 3

thinking about thinking

Front 4

the brain and consciousness

Back 4

awareness - cerebral cortex

arousal - reticular activating system

Front 5

levels of consciousness

Back 5

higher level, lower level, altered states of consciousness, subconscious awareness, no awareness

Front 6

higher level consciousness

Back 6

controlled processes- most alert states of human consciousness

actively focus efforts on attaining a goal - ex: math

Front 7

lower level consciousness

Back 7

automatic processing that requires little attention and does not interfere with other ongoing activities

ex: typing, day dreaming

Front 8

altered states of consciousness

Back 8

drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, hallucination

ex- alcohol, drugs

Front 9

subconscious awareness

Back 9

can occur when people are awake, or sleeping and dreaming

Front 10

no awareness

Back 10

Freud's belief that some unconscious thoughts are too laden with anxiety and other negative emotions for consciousness to admit them

Front 11

Biological rhythms

Back 11

periodic physiological fluctuations in the body

annual, 28 day cycles, 24 hour cycles.

Front 12

Circadian rhythms

Back 12

daily behavioral or physiological cycles (sleep/wake cycle, body temperature)

Front 13

beta waves

Back 13

reflect concentration and alertness

high frequency, low amplitude, desynchronous (no consistent patterns)

Front 14

alpha waves

Back 14

relaxation or drowsiness

less frequent,higher amplitudes, more synchronous

Front 15

stage 1 sleep

Back 15

drowsy sleep,

myoclonic jerks - muscle movements

THETA WAVES- slower in frequency and greater in amplitude than alpha

may experience hallucinations (feelings of falling)

Front 16

stage 2 sleep

Back 16

sleep spindles - bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity - mixed with theta waves

muscle activity decreases

Front 17

stage 3 sleep

Back 17

delta waves - large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep -- slowest and highest amplitude
slow wave sleep stage, hard to awaken

Front 18

stage 4 sleep

Back 18

brain emits most delta waves
hard to awaken

bed wetting, sleep walking and talking

Front 19

REM sleep

Back 19

Rapid Eye Movement

where dreaming occurs
paradoxical sleep - body is internally active, internally calm

Front 20

insomnia

Back 20

problems with falling or staying asleep

remedies: relax before bedtime, avoid caffeine, keep a regular schedule, exercise regularly

Front 21

narcolepsy

Back 21

uncontrollable sleep attacks - lapsing directly into REM

Front 22

Sleep apnea

Back 22

temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary wakings

more common in babies, elderly, obese

Front 23

night terrors

Back 23

different from nightmares, characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified

Front 24

Freud's dream theory

Back 24

that dreams symbolize unconscious wishes and desires

"psychic safety valves" - a way to express unacceptable feelings

Front 25

manifest content

Back 25

a dream's surface content, which contains dream symbols that disguise the dream's true meanings

Front 26

latent content

Back 26

dream's hidden content, unconscious and true meaning

Front 27

cognitive theory of dreaming

Back 27

to engage in cognitive processing while sleeping

dreams are subconscious cognitive processing
working through life's concerns
filing away memories

Front 28

activation synthesis theory

Back 28

to make sense of neural static

theory that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain

cerebral cortex tries to find logic in random lower brain activity during sleep

Front 29

psychoactive drugs

Back 29

act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perception, and change moods

Front 30

tolerance

Back 30

needing to take a greater amount of a drug to get the same effect

Front 31

addiction

Back 31

physical dependence or psychological dependence on a drug

physical dependence- physiological need for a drug, withdrawal symptoms

psychological dependence - desire to keep using due to emotional reasons

Front 32

depressants

Back 32

psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity

ex: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, opiates

Front 33

barbiturates

Back 33

depressant

aid with sleep,
lethal when mixed with alcohol

Front 34

tranquilizers

Back 34

depressant

reduce anxiety, addictive

ex: valium, xanax

Front 35

opiates

Back 35

depressant

endorphin agonists, reduce pain, may produce euphoria
addictive
ex:morphine, heroin

Front 36

stimulants

Back 36

psychoactive drugs that increase CNS activity

-caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

Front 37

caffeine

Back 37

stimulant- boots energy, alertness

withdrawal when removed

world's most widely used drug

Front 38

nicotine

Back 38

stimulant - increases dopamine
tolerance increases over the course of the day

more deadly than all other drugs

Front 39

amphetamines

Back 39

stimulant (uppers)

increases energy, staying awake, or losing weight
increase release of dopamine

crystal meth - damages dopamine receptors

cocaine- euphoria followed by crash

ecstacy - part stimulant, part hallucinogen. serotonin neurons destroyed

Front 40

hallucinogens

Back 40

psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real

Front 41

marijuana

Back 41

hallucinogen

THC - agonist for anandamide, a neurotransmitter that has euphoric effects
mix of all 3 categories

Front 42

LSD

Back 42

serotonin agonist
profound perceptual changes
sense of time may change