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88 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Romantic Period |
1800's-1900 French Revolution / Industrial Revolution mystic, concerned with individual, nature |
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Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) |
"Will is a kind of unconscious, as conceived by some of the earlier romantics" blind driving forces -> reigned over universe + conducted man 2 instincts = SEX, conservation/preservation |
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Nietzsche |
Philosopher + Author (Thus Spake Zarathustra) radical nihalism eternal recurrence "Life? It is pain, suffering, and contradictions" |
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Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) |
Magnetism / hypnotism "animal magnetism" |
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Spiritualism |
idea of spirits/invisible forces easy to believe after animal magnetism/hypnotism |
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Houdini |
proves spiritualists wrong in shows shows how illusions work |
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Jean Martin Charcot |
French Clinic 1892 first "asylum" refuge gave people who were mad a place where they are safe (food, shelter) bc multiple crazy people together, began to notice patterns + categorize types of madness |
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Grand Rounds |
showing of a patient with type of illness to teach other students/psychologists |
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Hysteria Patient |
sensory loss mapped sensory fails to correspond to nerve stimuli |
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Babinski |
most hysterics women more men diagnosed after WWII (PTSD) |
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Hysteria |
"unconscious emotional tension that arose from an unconscious source that may be converted into a physical ailment" hysteria = greek "Uterus" Exclusively in women / related to the womb believed cause to be lack of sexual activity treatment = marriage/pregnancy/stimulation |
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Charcot's World |
hysteria in men + women shock followed by lack of feeling (men) (war related) "monoplegia" lack of feeling showed how their symptoms were subtly different from organic paralysis |
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Vienna 1880-1900 |
polite society, proper, rigid society |
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Gustav Klimt 1862-1918 |
Showed nudity which was shocking to Viennese society |
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Egon Schiele 1890-1918 |
disturbing figures + portraits |
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Freud + Brewer |
Neurologist (treated people with nerve damage) first patient: Anna O |
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Anna O symptoms |
cough w/ no physical basis lost feeling in hands and feet involuntary spasms mute then only speaks English (instead of German) |
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Anna O treatment |
"the talking cure" was able to talk about symptoms in trance like state recognized root of fear and then the symptom would disappear catharsis = emotional release |
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Hysteria by Freud & Brewer |
1 Hysteria is a result of a traumatic experience 2 Emotions appropriate to the trauma not expressed 3 Express themselves in vague/weak reaction to trauma 4 make patient aware of the trauma/root cause |
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Freud's break with Breuer |
Breuer's patient falls in love with him Anna told people she was pregnant (began showing symptoms) Breuer stops treating her She becomes Germany's first social worker |
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Freud's theory of Hysteria |
no surface symptoms not due to physical cause psychic trauma, not obvious what can be eased by talking |
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Volcano Analogy of Hysteria |
pressure building up underground source of energy is deep surface outbursts |
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Iceberg Analogy |
small part of ego in conscious mind the rest of ego, Id, and superego below the surface |
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3rd metaphor: 3 people |
3 people inside of you you experience impulses you experience inhibition you have to somehow mediate between those two contrary principles |
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Id |
"it" impulses "devil" underlying urges |
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Superego |
inhibition "frowning mother" example judges impulses |
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Ego |
"I am" --> latin part we are aware of the "you" you would describe yourself as mediating between Id + Superego |
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Freud's theory of mind: Energy |
energy theory impulses press up, driven by volcanic urges + desires social properness sexual energy --> libido |
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Neurosis/Psychosis |
contrasted with psychosis fundamental break with reality = psychosis Neurosis = free floating anxiety |
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Defense Mechanisms (Freud) |
Repression, Denial, Projection, Displacement, Sublimation, Reaction Formation, Rationalization |
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Repression |
keep "unacceptable" thoughts from reaching consciousness we all use repression inhibition |
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Projection |
Attributing your own unacceptable feelings to another person |
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Displacement |
Destructive Behavior Redirecting emotional feelings to another target Ex. frustrated dog w/ fence chewing shoes |
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Sublimation |
Redirecting emotional feelings to a socially acceptable goal example. aggression --> sports? |
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Reaction Formation |
Doing the exact opposite of what you want to do Ex. sexual desires that cannot be met --> becomes religious member |
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Rationalization |
creating excuses to justify inappropriate behavior |
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Regression |
Acting in ways characteristic of an earlier stage of development (acting like a baby) |
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Freudian Slips |
saying something you didn't mean to say that was in your subconscious |
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The Preconscious (in between) |
something said 5 minutes ago a dream from last night a thought you had but lost CREATIVITY |
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Freud's Methods (to get behind the mask) |
talking (psychoanalysis) hypnosis dreams free-association |
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Talking (psychoanalysis) |
talking out problems analyst sits behind patient (they're lying down) |
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Hypnosis |
does not cure problems only helpful for planting information |
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Dreams |
allow us to think about things we could not think about while we're awake |
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Freud's Dream Symbols |
manifest content secondary elaboration ^ condensation ^ displacement ^ symbolism ^ CENSOR ^ Latent Content ^ Unsatisfied Wishes ^ |
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Wishes |
unfulfilled unacceptable + repressed -> unconscious bodily needs throughout the night UCS |
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Freudian Symbols |
small animals/rodents --> siblings men (sword, gun, pole) women (small box, purse, 8, (|) ) sexual dreams snake, necktie, cigar --> penis King/President --> father/therapist |
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Development, Children (Freud) |
Childhood experiences determine adult personality Child's urges are selfish + aggressive Children are passively... |
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Development Stages (Freud) |
Development is stage like Biological forces push the child through the psychosexual stages Psychosexual stages are universal |
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Stage I = Oral |
Oral/mouthing things (breastfeeding) you may move on or become fixated oxytocin (bonding, comfort) oral personality: chew gum, soft drinks, cigarettes |
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Stage 2 = Anal |
pleasure in producing poop producer not just consumer anal personality: neatness, control, preciseness, OCD |
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Oedipus Complex |
desire for mother + hatred for father girls: electra complex then bonds with father (since dad is bigger + stronger) |
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Karen Horney |
our primary drive is not for sex or aggression, but for security neurosis = disparity between our real self and ideal self |
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Alfred Adler |
our main drive is to fulfill, achieve our goals and purposes our ultimate goal is achievement |
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Carl Jung |
collective unconscious Freud's iceberg metaphor: vast sea surrounding icebergs = collective unconscious |
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Joseph Campbell |
mythology/RELS Jung's theory of collective unconscious + collected stories from different cultures |
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Carl Rogers |
humans are fundamentally seeking to become more, better, all through life not necessarily conscious outcome or goal: self-actualization |
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characteristics of actualization |
openness, creativity, self-acceptance, living fully in the moment the problem: we spend our lives pretending, posing lying mostly to ourselves |
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Temperament |
deep inclinations that underlie personality evident very early in life, way before the full personality develops |
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Richard Francis Burton |
explored Africa, Iceland, 1500 mile river in Brazil entirely alone first European to see Islamic cities "bad ass" Dr Bill refers to |
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Hippocrates (5th Century BC) chart of temperaments |
SANGUINE optimistic energetic MELANCHOLIC moody withdrawn CHOLERIC irritable impulsive PHLEGMATIC calm slow |
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Jerome Kagan |
studied temperament of babies presenting mobile and observing stress response |
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Phillip Gold Temperament/Stress Response/Existential State |
Boldness Fear Aggression Stress Existential |
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Biological Basis For Temperament Theories |
Gallagher Twin Studies Animal Breeding studies breed monkeys for fear/aggression and measure neurotransmitters |
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Norepinephrine |
low = bold high = fear |
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Serotonin |
low = anti-social high = sociable |
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Abnormal ≠ insane ≠ crazy |
abnormal psych is based on statistics statistically deviant maladaptive behavior violation of social norms personal distress most who are clinically abnormal are not insane |
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what is the name of the book for diagnosing psych disorders? |
DSM-V Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorder |
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Anxiety Disorders |
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Phobias |
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Anxiety |
most common 4-8% of us every year 15% experience throughout our lifetime at risk: women, younger, less educated |
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Anxiety Disorders have in common |
overestimation of danger or threat emotional reactions are out of proportion person avoids feared situation rather than trying to cope with it |
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GAD (General Anxiety Disorder) |
muscle tension autonomic reactivity apprehension about the future hyper-vigilance |
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Panic Disorders |
recurrent panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, phobic anxiety strong unexpected physical symptoms |
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OCD |
3% of population obsession (a thought) + compulsion (an impulse for ritualistic act) |
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Phobias |
simple or specific phobias snakes, germs, blood, injection social phobia --> morbid fear of evaluation in social situation |
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Mood Disorders |
affective disorders characterized by PERSISTENT and EXTREME mood swings inconsistent with environmental events has to last multiple hours or days TWO MOST COMMON: DEPRESSION + BIPOLAR |
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Depression |
major depression / clinical depression diagnosis = 5 or more present for 2 weeks or longer |
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9 Depression Symptoms |
1 MOOD depressed most of the day 2 INTERESTS or pleasure is missing 3 APPETITE or weight goes up or down 4 SLEEPING patterns change 5 PSYCHOMOTOR agitation or retardation 6 ENERGY very low 7 WORTHLESS or guilty feelings 8 THINKING, concentration, making decisions becomes difficult 9 DEATH thoughts, suicide thoughts |
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Depression Baseline Figures |
5% of 18-54 population 17-24 yr olds most at risk runs in families 50% likely to have if identical twin has |
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Depression Biologically |
amygdala/frontal lobe disrupted amygdala overactive, frontal lobe underactive too much emotion for amount of inhibition to control FMRI finds fewer neurons |
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Depression + Sleep |
Depressed get less "good" sleep less slow-wave sleep |
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Depression Biochemically |
Not enough serotonin or norepinephrine or both treated with prozac or zoloft |
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Bipolar Disorder |
Two poles: MANIA and DEPRESSION Mania manifests first 0.6-1.1.% of population will have at some point in their life |
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Dysthmic Disorder |
milder, less incapacitating form of depression two of depression symptoms life long |
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Schizophrenia |
1 in 100 in USA men = women commonly smoke cigarettes |
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Carl Rogers (2) |
identity we have to escape the bull by understanding ourselves have accurate self-concept find a genuine + comfortable self |
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Rogerian therapy |
clients, not patients therapist not god-like listen to client and understand POV |
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Maslow |
what drives us? (pyramid) self actualization esteem needs belonging needs safety needs psychiological needs |
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Big 5: OCEAN |
Openness Conscientious Extroversion Agreeableness Nervousness |
