Psych Exam 2

Front 1

what is the scientific method?

Back 1

set of assumptions , attutudes and procedures

Front 2

what are the 4 steps of the scientific method

Back 2

1)identify problem/form hypothesis
2)design & conduct study-gather info
3)examine/analyze data- evaluate
4)communicate results

Front 3

is there a relationship btw variables ?
CANT determine cause & effect

Back 3

correlation

Front 4

used to determine cause and effect

Back 4

experimental

Front 5

variable that is changed and manipulated

Back 5

independent variable

Front 6

variable that measures manipulation by independent

Back 6

dependent variable

Front 7

statement of proposition about something

Back 7

hypothesis

Front 8

how does it produce and.or measure the variable of interest

Back 8

operational definitions

Front 9

refers to strength and direction of of relationship btw 2 variables

Back 9

correlation

Front 10

variable increase/decrease

Back 10

positive correlation

Front 11

variables move in opposite directions

Back 11

negative correlation

Front 12

strongest correlation

Back 12

+1.00 & -1.00

Front 13

people surveyed are of similar makeup as the larger population

Back 13

stratified random sample

Front 14

cells that send and receive signals

Back 14

neurons

Front 15

fibers that receive signals from axons of other neurons

Back 15

dentrites

Front 16

cell body made up of

Back 16

-nucleus (center)
-mitochondria (inside)
-outer membrane (outer wall)

Front 17

fiber that carries signals away from the cell body

Back 17

axon

Front 18

tiny gap btw the axon of 1 neuron and the dentrites of another

Back 18

synapse

Front 19

impulse/mesage that is sent down an axon and stimulates release of a neurotransmitter

Back 19

action potential

Front 20

chemicals that are used to relay, amplify, and modulate signals btw a neuron and another cell

Back 20

neurotransmitters

Front 21

2 parts of the nervous system

Back 21

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Front 22

2 major parts of teh central nervous system

Back 22

brain & spinal cord

Front 23

4 lobes of the brain

Back 23

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Front 24

bundle of fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Back 24

corpus callosum

Front 25

abitility to strengthen neutral connections at synapses and establish new connections

Back 25

plasticity

Front 26

raw info from senses

Back 26

sensation

Front 27

raw sensations from environment and five them meaning using knowledge, experience and understanding of the world

Back 27

perception

Front 28

5 sensory systems

Back 28

vision, hearing.taste, smell, touch

Front 29

how many colors can we perceive

Back 29

several mill

Front 30

how many diff types of cones are there in the human eye

Back 30

6 million

Front 31

what does the pinna of the ear do

Back 31

collects soundwaves

Front 32

why are taste and smell caused chemical senses

Back 32

arise from interaction of chemicals and receptors

Front 33

taste in children vs adults

Back 33

children have more tastebuds near throat- more tastes bitter

Front 34

what info do we get from the somatosensory system

Back 34

touch, temp and pain

Front 35

5 major research methods used to study behavior

Back 35

-naturalistic
-case studies
-surveys
-correlation studies
-experiments

Front 36

use of math to make comparisons within sets of data

Back 36

statistics

Front 37

selection of participants (in a survey)

Back 37

sample

Front 38

a sample of research participants chosen from a larger population such as their age, gender, ethnicity and other characteristics of that larger population

Back 38

representative sample

Front 39

major functions of neurons

Back 39

send and recieve signals

Front 40

converts incoming physical energy into neural activity

Back 40

transducer

Front 41

imaging techniques

Back 41

-ct scan
-MRI (image)
-Magnetic resonance
-Functional MRI (active)

Front 42

what are rods and cones

Back 42

retinal cells that contain chemicals that respond to light

Front 43

retina

Back 43

changes light to energy

Front 44

what is the optic nerve and whats it composed of?

Back 44

a bundle of fibers that carries visual info to the brain

Front 45

3 physical characteristics of visible light and their psychological analogs

Back 45

1)hue "colors"- dominant wavelength in the mix of light
2) saturation-purity of color-intensity
3)brightness-overall intensity of the wavelenghts making up light

Front 46

number of waves per sec

Back 46

frequency
more spread out, lower frequency

Front 47

height of sound wave-determines dimensions of loudness

Back 47

amplitude

Front 48

generates vibrations that match the sound waves striking it

Back 48

eardrum does this

Front 49

what is the vital role of transducers in biological sensory systems?

Back 49

change enviormental energy into electrical signals

Front 50

psychophysics are a set of methods to..

Back 50

relate the physical world to the psychological

Front 51

what is a jnd

Back 51

just noticable difference- difference needed to discriminate btw 2 stimuli

Front 52

a major function of sensory systems is to

Back 52

help in the location of stimuli

Front 53

how many basic colors are normal sighted humans capable of distinguishing

Back 53

millions

Front 54

taste and smell interact to form..

Back 54

flavor

Front 55

perception is about..

Back 55

interpretation

Front 56

critical period

Back 56

a period in development when stimulation of sensory systems is critical for development

Front 57

Cant remember recent events after head injury; what area is responsible for this

Back 57

hippocampus

Front 58

part of the brain especially involved in the construct we call personality-

Back 58

frontal lobe

Front 59

neurons carry ______ in trhe form of an _____

Back 59

info;electrical signal

Front 60

Nervous system is made of *******

Back 60

brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system

Front 61

what 2 neuroscience recording techniques can give us direct info ab ongoing events of neurons

Back 61

fMRI and PET

Front 62

in the scientific method you start with a

Back 62

hypothesis

Front 63

the "mozart effect"purported to demonstrate the increase in ability for spatiotemporal transformations. how far may we go with generalizations from this?

Back 63

cant be generalized beyond the immediate group

Front 64

*.A researcher is conducting a study with owls at the zoo to determine how sensitive they are to various sounds and what the smallest sound is that they can detect. The work of this researcher is most consistent with the goals of which scientific area?

Back 64

psychophysics

Front 65

Kittens raised in environments where they were only exposed to vertical stimuli (i.e., vertical stripes) had visual neurons that would only fire in response to vertical stimuli. Stimuli with other orientations evoked no response. This research is a demonstration of the importance of:

Back 65

critical periods

Front 66

sleep deprivation affects

Back 66

critical decision making

Front 67

Dreams are hypothesized to serve many purposes. Recent evidence suggests that they serve to

Back 67

consolidate information and learning from the earlier period that day