Psych Exam 1

Front 1

spinal cord

Back 1

relays impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous system

Front 2

somatic

Back 2

control of voluntary movements. communication to and from sense organs. transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, temp, and body position.

Front 3

autonomic

Back 3

controls involuntary movements. heartbeat, respiration, and dilation. stuff you dont think about happening

Front 4

sympathetic

Back 4

stimulates organs and glands to provide energy needed for threatening or stressful situation. fight/flight response

Front 5

parasympathetic

Back 5

conserve energy resources to control routine functions. clams body after emergency situation is resolved. heart rate slows down

Front 6

medulla

Back 6

connect spinal cord to other parts of brain. regulates heart rate, blood pressure, digestion and respiration.

Front 7

pons

Back 7

transmits info about body movements and is related to functions such as attention, sleep, alertness, and respiration.

Front 8

cerebellum

Back 8

little brain, important in balance and motor behavior

Front 9

thalamus

Back 9

routes impulses from the senses such as vision and audition to the cerebral cortex. relay info to cortex and in functions of sleep and attention

Front 10

hypothalamus

Back 10

controls the ANS and limbic system. helps maintain homeostasis: temp, emotion, hunger, sexual behavior

Front 11

limbic system

Back 11

memory, motivation, emotion

Front 12

cerebrum

Back 12

surface is the cerebral cortex. 2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum, divided into 4 lobes

Front 13

frontal lobe:
parietal lobe:
temporal lobe:
occipital lobe:

Back 13

motor
tactile/sensory
auditory
visual

Front 14

association areas

Back 14

cerebral cortex involved in human learning, thought, memory and language

Front 15

wernickes aphasia

Back 15

impairs ability to comprehend speech and proper words

Front 16

brocas aphasia

Back 16

people speak slowly and simple

Front 17

left brain

Back 17

logical/intellectual

Front 18

right brain

Back 18

intuitive, creative, emotional

Front 19

epilepsy

Back 19

cut the corpus callosum to keep seizures in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Front 20

nature vs. nuture

Back 20

reflexes, genetic, maturation vs. contribution of the environment, learned behaviors

Front 21

continuous vs. discontinuous development

Back 21

gradual to puberty, vs. leaps and growth spurt

Front 22

germinal stage

Back 22

zygote wonders around nucleus for 3-4 days before implanting in uterine wall

Front 23

embryonic stage

Back 23

growth of major body organs, cephalocaudal to proximadistal. heart beats and pump blood. neuron system begins to funciton

Front 24

fetal stage

Back 24

major organ systems and fingers/toes formed. move. heart and lungs increase function

Front 25

infancy

Back 25

drastic gains in height and weight. double birth weight at 5 mon. tribple height by 1st bday.

Front 26

childhood

Back 26

4-7 lbs and 2-3 inches per yr.

Front 27

adolescence

Back 27

growth spurt. 8-12 inches. puberty

Front 28

young adulthood

Back 28

20-40 peak of physical development

Front 29

middle adulthood

Back 29

45-65. gradual physical decline

Front 30

late adulthood

Back 30

65+ decline of all

Front 31

moro

Back 31

drop head-throw arms and legs back. startle at loud noise

Front 32

sucking

Back 32

touch inside of mouth and they suck

Front 33

babinski

Back 33

stroke outer edge of foot-fan out toes

Front 34

palmer

Back 34

touch palm, grasp object enough to hold upright

Front 35

plantar grasp

Back 35

tough ball of foot-toes flex- assume grasping position

Front 36

stepping

Back 36

around 2nd wk 58% will walk if held up right- lost by 5th mon

Front 37

swimming

Back 37

put in water on stomachs- make rhythmic swimming movements

Front 38

vision:
2 mon
3 mon
8mon

Back 38

prefer human faces
discriminate colors
depth perception

Front 39

hearing

Back 39

prefer moms

Front 40

smell

Back 40

have different reactions, prefer moms underarm odor

Front 41

taste

Back 41

discriminate different flavors

Front 42

touch

Back 42

discriminate, reflexes,

Front 43

jean piaget

Back 43

cognitive development

Front 44

assimilation

Back 44

inclusion of a new event into an existing schema.

Front 45

accomodation

Back 45

modification of schemas so that info inconsistent with existing schemas can be integrated or understood

Front 46

sensorimotor

Back 46

birth-2: motor activity, cause and effect game. out of sight out of mind to object permanence

Front 47

preoperational

Back 47

2-7: early use of words and symbols to represent objects and relationships. Egocentrism, animism, artificialism, conservation

Front 48

concrete operational

Back 48

7-12: logical thought. conservation and subject morality. know dimensions and reversibility, can conserve numbers

Front 49

formal operational

Back 49

12+: mature, abstract and deductive thought, ability to hypothesize, some adults never reach this

Front 50

imaginary audience

Back 50

thought that other people are concerned as much with our thoughts as we are

Front 51

personal fable

Back 51

feelings and thoughts are unique and special

Front 52

crystalized adulthood

Back 52

general accumulated knowledge

Front 53

fluid adulthood

Back 53

ability to process new info

Front 54

lawrence kohlberg

Back 54

moral development; heinz dilemma

Front 55

preconventional:
stage 1
stage 2

Back 55

base moral judgments on the consequence of behavior.
satisfy needs

Front 56

conventional:
stage 3
stage 4

Back 56

moral behavior meets needs and expectation of others.
based on the rules that maintain the social order.

Front 57

post conventional:
stage 5
stage 6

Back 57

although laws exist, some situations call for drastic measures.
golden rule.

Front 58

erik erickson

Back 58

Psychosocial development

Front 59

trust vs mistrust

Back 59

0-1: count on environment to meet our needs

Front 60

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Back 60

explore environment- independent. FO sense of self control

Front 61

initiative vs guilt

Back 61

4-5: freedom to participate in world. FO acquire direction and purpose

Front 62

industry vs inferiority

Back 62

6-12: school, recognition of achievement. FO competence

Front 63

identity vs role diffusion

Back 63

adolescence: who am i? FO ego identity

Front 64

generativity vs stagnation

Back 64

middle adult: concern for future generation. FO society

Front 65

integrity vs despair

Back 65

late adult: look at lifes accomplishments. FO satisfaction

Front 66

attachment theories

Back 66

attempts to maintain contact or nearness and shows anxiety when separated from care giver

Front 67

Mary ainsworth

Back 67

attachment theory. emotional ties formed

Front 68

attachment theories:
secure-
avoidant-
ambivalent/resistant-

Back 68

protest departure/seek return.
not distresses/ignore upon return.
severe departure/ ambivalence upon return.

Front 69

stage 1 of attachment

Back 69

initial-preattachment phase: 0-3mon indiscriminate attachment

Front 70

stage 2 of attachment

Back 70

3-4mon preference for familiar faces

Front 71

stage 3 attachment

Back 71

clear cut attachment 6-7 mons- intensified dependence on the primary caregiver

Front 72

Harry Harlow

Back 72

contact comfort with monkeys

Front 73

Konrad Lorenz

Back 73

imprinting-critical period

Front 74

diana baumrind

Back 74

parenting styles

Front 75

authoritarian

Back 75

strict guidlines and demands, poor communication, dont listen to childs point of view

Front 76

authoritative

Back 76

strict, mature behavior, yet reason with child. love and support, respectful towards child

Front 77

permissive

Back 77

easy going, child do what they want, warm and supportive but poor at communicating

Front 78

uninvolved

Back 78

leave children on their own, little warmth or encouragement

Front 79

elizabeth kubler-ross

Back 79

5 stages of death and dying:
1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

Front 80

sensation

Back 80

stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory info to CNS. stimulation of sense organs.

Front 81

perception

Back 81

sensations organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world. Organization and interpretation of stimuli

Front 82

absolute threshold

Back 82

weakest stimulus that can be distinguished from no stimulus.

Front 83

difference threshold

Back 83

minimum difference of magnitude of 2 stimuli to tell them apart. EX $1

Front 84

signal detection theory

Back 84

perception of sensory stimuli involves interaction of physical, biological, and psychological factors

Front 85

feature detectors

Back 85

attend to different features of stimuli

Front 86

sensory adaptation

Back 86

process by which we become more sensative to stimuli of low magnitude, and less to the same. dark theatre

Front 87

optic nerve

Back 87

nerve that transmits sensory info from eye to brain

Front 88

rods

Back 88

sensitive only to the intensity of light

Front 89

cones

Back 89

color vision-make up fovea

Front 90

dark adaptation

Back 90

dark room-slow shift from cone to rod. Light room- fast shift form rod to cone

Front 91

visual perception: closure

Back 91

tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in sensory input

Front 92

perception organization: figure ground

Back 92

rubin vase- ambiguous

Front 93

necker cube

Back 93

lead to perceptual shift

Front 94

rules for organization:
p
s
c
c
c

Back 94

proximity:nearness as together
similarity:similar as being together
continuity:broken lines as unity
common fate:similar items moving together are together
closure:circle rather than series of arcs

Front 95

size consistency

Back 95

ability to perceive the same object as being the same size even though image appears to vary as function of distance

Front 96

color consistency

Back 96

retain color even though lighting conditons may look to alter

Front 97

brightness constancy

Back 97

same grey square appears brighter when in black than white background

Front 98

sound

Back 98

caused by changes in air pressure that result from vibrations

Front 99

pitch

Back 99

frequency or cycle/sec. more cycles= higher pitch

Front 100

loudness

Back 100

amplitude of sound waves

Front 101

outer ear

Back 101

sound funnels into eardrum

Front 102

middle ear

Back 102

eardrum and 3 small bones, functions as amplifier. increase the pressure of air entering

Front 103

inner ear

Back 103

oval window transmits vibrations, cochlea made up of basilar membrane, hair cells vibrate which transmits auditory nerve.

Front 104

odor

Back 104

detected by sites on receptor neuron in the olfactory membrane high in each nostril.

Front 105

taste

Back 105

sweet, sour, salty, bitter. depends on odor, texture, temp and taste

Front 106

skin senses

Back 106

touch, pressure, warmth, cold, pain. different parts of body are more sensitive to touch .

Front 107

kinesthesis

Back 107

sense that informs you about the position and motion of parts of body

Front 108

vestibular sense

Back 108

whether you are upright. body changing speed, sensory organs located in semicircular canals in ears