Psych Exam 1

Front 1

psychoanalytic

Back 1

FREUD 1900 subconscious mind, do things for reasons we dont know, and child experiences/sexual

Front 2

behavioral

Back 2

WATSON, SKINNER 1920 study things we can observe, behavior

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gestalt

Back 3

KOHLER, WERTHEIMER 1930's more physical like vision and touch, sum is different than the whole (xmas lights and light creating allusion of motion)

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humanistic

Back 4

MASLOW ROGERS natural inclination to fulfill human potential, pyramid with selfactualization on top and were stopped by the negativity of others.

Front 5

cognitive

Back 5

studying how organisms process info like thinking memory language problem solving, creativity

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biological/medical

Back 6

chemical imbalances, medical solutions, genetics

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structuralism

Back 7

breaking down experiences into basic elements

Front 8

introspection

Back 8

assoc with WUNDT. used with structuralism, studying inwards with scientific studies

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William James 1890

Back 9

Principles of Pyschology

Front 10

Sigmund Freud

Back 10

dreams, the unconscious mind, psychoanalytic

Front 11

Ivan Pavlov

Back 11

classical conditioning, if you pair 2 stimuli, they will become assoc in the mind of the learner i.e. dog will salivate to the ball

Front 12

true experiment

Back 12

-uses independent/dependent variables
-controlled, so you can infer causation

Front 13

correlational method

Back 13

-measure 2 variables
-calculate relationship (correlation)
-often have directionality and 3rd variable problems

Front 14

cerebral cortex

Back 14

outer layer of brain responsible for movement, perception, thinking, and memory

Front 15

cerebrum

Back 15

composed of cerebral cortex & others

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neocortex

Back 16

part of cerebral cortex made up of 6 layers, outer part of cerebral hemispheres

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corpus collosum

Back 17

broad band of nerve fibers that connects left/right hemispheres of cerebral cortex

Front 18

contralateral connection

Back 18

nerve fibers that descend from the motor cortex on one side of the brain activate muscles on the other side. right motor cortex controls movements of the opposite.

Front 19

cerebellum

Back 19

integration of sensory perception, coordination, and motor control

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frontal lobe

Back 20

largest of 4 lobes in each hemisphere, assoc w/ movement, emotion, & memory

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broca's area

Back 21

primary brain center for controlling speech, part of frontal lobe

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parietal lobe

Back 22

involved in relating visual and spatial info, contains somatosensory cortex which receives info assoc w/ touch, pressure, pain , temp, and body position)

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occipital lobe

Back 23

consists of visual cortex which receives info from eyes

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temporal lobe

Back 24

contains wernike's area which is auditory cortex-interprets sounds particularly speech

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lateralization

Back 25

degree to which a particular function, like understanding speech, is controlled by one rather than both cerebral hemisphere

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figure

Back 26

where we focus our attention

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ground

Back 27

the background of where figure stands

Front 28

illusory contours

Back 28

contours are perceived without a change in luminance or color

Front 29

law of proximity

Back 29

we tend to organize our perceptions by grouping elements that are closest to eachother

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law of similarity

Back 30

group elements that are similar to one another

Front 31

law of good continuity

Back 31

were more likely to perceive stimuli as a whole or single group if they flow smoothly into one another as opposed to being discontinuous

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law of closure

Back 32

see objects that are incomplete as complete

Front 33

law of common fate

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when objects move in same direction we tend to see them as a unit

Front 34

binocular cues

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visual cues for depth and perception, depend on both eyes working together

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monocular cues

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distance cues used with one eye

Front 36

convergence

Back 36

binocular cue-eyes must converge within 25 ft to perceive as single clearly focused image, eyes must rotate

Front 37

binocular disparity

Back 37

the visual difference between each eye because of the different angles

Front 38

linear perspective

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monocular distance cue-parallel lines converge in distant view

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texture gradient

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monocular distance cue-things look less textured from far away

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aerial perspective

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monocular distance cue-objects far away appear fuzzier than those close up bc dust and smog interfere with projected image

Front 41

size constancy

Back 41

we adjust for the change as something gets closer or further away so we can perceive it as constant in size

Front 42

brightness constancy

Back 42

we perceive objects at night the be same color/brightness as in day bc we already know

Front 43

shape constancy

Back 43

we perceive objects as maintaining the same shape even though their images change from diff angles

Front 44

top down processing

Back 44

looking for the whole, then looking for the pieces that make it up

Front 45

bottom up processing

Back 45

looking at individual pieces then look at whole

Front 46

consciousness

Back 46

awareness of ones self in the environment

Front 47

altered consciousness

Back 47

drugs, meditation, sleep, daydreaming, etc..

Front 48

repair theory of why we sleep

Back 48

restores energy preventing exhaustion

Front 49

adaptive nonresponding theory of why we sleep

Back 49

conserve energy and to stay out of trouble

Front 50

repression hypothesis (why we dream)

Back 50

dreams expression of unconscious mind

Front 51

activation-synthesis theory (Why we dream)

Back 51

trying to make sense of random feelings and past events (memories) by synthesizing

Front 52

problem solving thoery of why we dream

Back 52

cope with stress/difficulties

Front 53

memory consolidation theories

Back 53

to remember things, better remembered if studied right before sleep