Psych Exam 1

Front 1

mental health continuum

Back 1

a conceptual line used to represent levels of mental health and mental illnes that vary from person to person and vary for a particular person over time

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resilience

Back 2

the ability to adapt and cope which helps eople t face tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress

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culture bound syndromes

Back 3

sets of signs and symptoms common in a limited number of cultures but virtually nonexistent in most othr cultural groups

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recovery model of care

Back 4

conceptual model of psychiatric illness that stressed hope, living a full and productive life style, and eventual recovery

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mental health parity

Back 5

recognition by health insurance companis that mental illnesses are deilitating and in need of proper treatment as physical illness

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SAMSHA

Back 6

substance abuse and mental health services administration. they state there are 10 fundamental componenets of the recovery process: self-directed, individula- and person-centered, empowering, holistic, nonlinea, strengths-based, peer-supported, respect, responsibility, and hope

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infancy (0-1.5)

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trust v. mistrust

forming attachment to mother

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early childhood (1.5-3)

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autonomy v. shame and doubt

gaining some basic control of self and environment

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late childhood (3-6)

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initiative v. guilt

becoming purposeful and directive

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school age (6-12)

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industry v. inferiority

developing social, physical, and school skills

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adolescence (12-20)

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identity v. role confusion

develop sense of identity

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early adulthood (20-35)

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intimacy v. isolation

establish intimate bonds of love and friendship

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middle adulthood (35-65)

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generativity v. self-aborption

fulfilling life goals that include family, career, and society

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later year (65-death)

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integrity v. despire

looking at one's life and accepting it's meaning

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Sullivan's inteersonal theory

Back 15

the purpose of ALL behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interaction and to decrease or avoid anxiety

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Peplau's Interpersonal Relationships Theory

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nurses are both participants and observers in therapeutic conversation, it is essential for nurses to observe the behavior not only of the patient but also of themselves

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Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

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human fufillment is categorized into six increasing stages:

self-transcendence
self-actualization
esteem
love and beloning
safety
physiological

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CBT [Cognitive-behavioral therapy]

Back 18

based on both cognitive psychology and behavioral theory. We all have scheata or unique assumptions about ouselves, others, and the world around us

how people behave is largely based on how they think about the world and their place in it

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milieu therapy

Back 19

use of the total enviornment to treat disturbed children (creating a comfortable and safe environment)

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token economy

Back 20

like operant conditioning, rewarding the good, punishing the bad

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systematic desensitization

Back 21

another for of behavior modification therapy that involves the development of behavioral tasks customized to the patient's specific fears, thesetasks are presented to the patient while using learned relaxation skills

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aversion therapy

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there paradigms:
1. pairing of a maladaption behavior with a noxious stiulus, so that anxiety becomes associatd with the once-pleasurable stimulus
2. punishment
3. avoidance training

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primay prevention

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directed @ helthy populations and include providing information and teachig coping skills to reduce stress

adult and youth recreational centers, schools, day care ceners, churches

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Secondary Prevention

Back 24

early detection and tx of psychiatric symptos with goal of minimizing impairment

crisis centers, shelters, correctional community facilities, partial hospitalizationcenters, nusing homes, outreach treatment

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tertiary prevention

Back 25

address residual impairments in psychiatric pts in an effort to promote highest level of community functiong

community mental health centers, psychosocial rehabilitation programs

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ACT [assertive community treatment]

Back 26

an intensive type of case management developed in response to community-living needs of people withserious, persistent psychiatric symptoms ad patterns of repeated hospitalization from services such as emergency room and inpatient care

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PHPs [partial hospitalization programs]

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offer intensive, short-term treatment similar to inpatient care, expect that the patient is able to return home each dy

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deinstitutionalization

Back 28

shifting of psychiatric patients from state hospitals to the community

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Ataque de nervios

Back 29

latin american, characterized by sudden attack of trembling, palpitations, dyspnea, dizziness, and loss of consciousness
thought to be caused by an evil spirit and related to intolerable stress

treated by an espirista and support of family and community

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ghost sickness

Back 30

navajo, characterized by "being out of one's mind," dyspnea, weakness, and bad dreams
thought to be caused by an evil spirit

treated by overcoming the spirit with a stronger force the healer calls

Front 31

hwa-byung

Back 31

korean, characterized by epigastric pain, palpitations, dyspnea, and muscle aches and pains
thought to be cause by a lack of harmony in the body or in interpersonal relations

treated by reestablishing harmony

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neurastheia

Back 32

chinese, characterized by somatic symptoms of depression although feelings of sadness or depression are denied
thought to be related to a lack of yin-yang balance

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susto

Back 33

latin american, characterized by a broad range of somatic and psychological symptoms
thought to be related to a traumatic incident or fright that cause the patient's soul to leave the body

treated by a espiritista

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wind illness

Back 34

chinese & vietnamese, characterized by a fear of cold, wind, or drafts
derived from the belief that yin-yang and hot-cold elements must be in balance in the body or illness occurs

treat by keeping very warm and avoiding foods, drinks,and herbs that are cold or consdered to have a cold quality

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ethnopharmacology

Back 35

a relatively new field of medicine that investigates the genetic and ethnic variations in drug pharmacokinetics

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stereotyping

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the assumption that all people in a similar sultural, racial, or ethnic group think and act alike

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somatization

Back 37

the expression of physchologiacl stress through physical symptoms

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enculturation

Back 38

the process in which a culture's world view, beliefs, values, and practices are transmitted to it's members

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culture-bound syndrome

Back 39

set of signs and symptoms common in a limted number of cultures but virtually nonexistent in most other culure groups

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transference

Back 40

occurs when a patient unconsciously and inappropriately displaces onto the nurse feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in the patient's past

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counter-transference

Back 41

occurs when the nurse unconsciously and inappropriately displaces onto the patient feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in the nurse's past

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Genuineness

Back 42

or self-awarness of one's feelings as they arise within the relationship and the ability to communicate them when appropriate

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empathy

Back 43

a complex multidimensional concept in which the helping person attempts to understand the world from the patient's perspective

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rapport

Back 44

a relationship characterized by trust, support, and understanding

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therapeutic use of self

Back 45

creative use of unique personality traits and talents to form positive bonds with others

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boundary blurring

Back 46

when the clea boundary lines become blurred, two common circumstances:
when the relationship is allowed to slip into a social context and
when the nurse's needs are met at the expense of the patient's needs

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mild anxiety

Back 47

able to work effectively toward a goal

slight discomfort, attention seeking, restlessness, irritability, mild-rensio relieving behaviors (foot tapping)

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moderate anxiety

Back 48

able to solve problems but not at optimal ability

voice tremors, change in pitch, shakiness, increased RR, HR, and mm tension, packing, banging hands

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severe anxiety

Back 49

unable to see connections between events or details, distorted perceptions

feelings of dread, confusio, purposeless activity, sense of impending doom, hyperventilation, tachycardia, withdrawl

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panic anxiety

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may by mute or have extreme psychomotor agitation

experience of terror, immobility or severe hyperactivity, dilated pupils, inability to speak, severe shakiness, sleeplessness, hallucinations

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compensation

Back 51

used to make up for perceived deficiencis and cover up shortcomings

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conversion

Back 52

unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause

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denial

Back 53

escaping unpleasant feelings by ignoring their existence

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displacement

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transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object, or situation

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dissociation

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a disruption in the usually integratd functios of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the enviornment

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identification

Back 56

attributing to oneself the characteistics of another person or group

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intellectualization

Back 57

a process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion

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introjection

Back 58

the process bywhich the outside work is incorporated or absorbed into a person's view of the self

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projection

Back 59

the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to other people, objects, and situations

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rationalization

Back 60

consist of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations

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reaction formation

Back 61

when unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing acceptable explanations

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regression

Back 62

reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior

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repression

Back 63

exclusion of unpleaseant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness, happens unconsciously

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splitting

Back 64

the inability to integrate the positive and negative qualitites of oneself or others into a cohesive image

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sublimation

Back 65

unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, unacceptable impulses

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supression

Back 66

the conscious denail of disturbing situation or feeling

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undoing

Back 67

when a person makes up for an act or communication

Front 68

critical incident stress debriefing

Back 68

an example of a tertiary intervention directed toward a group that has experienced a crisis. consists of a seven-phase group meeting that offers individuals the opportunity to share thoughts and feelings in a safe and controlled environment

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maturational crisis

Back 69

a normal state in growth and development in which a specific maturational task must be learned, but old coping mechanisms are no longer adequate or acceptable

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situational crisis

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a crisis arising from an external as opposed to n internal source. most people expirence situational crises to some extent during the course of their lives [death of a loved one, marriage, divorce, or a change in health status]

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adventitious crisis

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a crisis that is not part of everyday lif but involves an event that is unplanned and accidental. adventitious crises include natural diasters and crimes of violence such as rapes or muggings

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Phase 1 of a crisis

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a person confronted by a conflict or problem that threatens the self-concept responds with increased feelings of anxiety

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Phase 2 of a crisis

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if the ususal defensive response fails and the threat persists, anxiety continue to rise and produce feelings of extreme discomfort, individual functioning becomes disorganized

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Phase 3 of a crisis

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if the trail-and-error attempts fail, anxiety can escalate to severe and panic levels, and the person mobilizes automatic relief behaviors, such as withdrawal and flight

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Phase 4 of a crisis

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if the problem is not solved and new coping skills are ineffective anxiety can overwhelm the person and lead to serious personality disorganization, depression, confusion, vilence against others, or suicidal behavior

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chronicity

Back 76

relapse

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anosognosia

Back 77

inability to realize that one has an illness, owning to impairments caused by the illness itself

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residual symptoms

Back 78

symptoms that do not improve completely or consistently with treatment

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non adherence

Back 79

not cooperating with treatment, i.e. nottaking meds or not going to therapy

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recovery model

Back 80

conceptual model of psychiatric illness that stressed hope, living a full and prodictuve life, and eventual recovery

Front 81

Psychodynamic group

Back 81

helps members to recognize unconscious conflicts and encourages peer feedback

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Interpersonal groups

Back 82

helps to reduce anxiety and encourages members to validate feelings and thoughts with each other

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Communication (in group)

Back 83

helps point out confusing o contradictory messages; acts as arle model for clear communication

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Group process

Back 84

helps develop a mature group in which members trust each other and give supportive feedback

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Existential/ gestalt

Back 85

helps focus member on here-and-now experiences to promote self-learning

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cognitive-behavioral group

Back 86

helps develop a trusting group in which members give supportive feedback to reinforce healthier behavior