Psych Cpts 1 And 2

Front 1

What is psych?

Back 1

study of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

what are the four goals of psych?

Back 2

describe, (understand) explain, predict, and control (influence) behavior

Front 3

what does structuralism focus on?

Back 3

mind is structured of 3 elements (sensations, feelings, images) that combine to form experience

Front 4

what does functionalism focus on?

Back 4

our behavior and mind (experience) helps us function

Front 5

what does behaviorism focus on?

Back 5

focuses on learning observable behavior

Front 6

what does gestalt focus on?

Back 6

focuses on how perception influences thinking and problem solving

Front 7

what does psychoanalysis focus on?

Back 7

focuses on unconscious motives that determine behavior

Front 8

what is the cognitive perspective?

Back 8

how the mind perceives things

Front 9

person of structuralism?

Back 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 10

person of functionalism?

Back 10

William James

Front 11

person of behaviorism?

Back 11

John Broadus Watson

Front 12

person of psychoanalysis?

Back 12

Sigmund Freud

Front 13

what does describe mean?

Back 13

tell what occurred

Front 14

what does explain mean?

Back 14

tells the why

Front 15

what does predict mean?

Back 15

under what conditions is the behavior/event likely to occur

Front 16

what does control mean?

Back 16

how its applied or what to change to prevent unwanted occurrence or to bring about a desired outcome

Front 17

three scientific methods?

Back 17

descriptive, correlation, experimental

Front 18

elements of descriptive method?

Back 18

case study, survey, naturalistic observations

Front 19

elements of correlation method?

Back 19

relationships between variables (cannot infer causation)

Front 20

Correlational Coefficient?

Back 20

strength and direction of the relationship between two variables; ranges from +1.00 ( a perfect positive correlation) to -1.00 ( a perfect negative correlation)

Front 21

experimental is the only method that can...

Back 21

infer causation (ex: A caused B)

Front 22

experimental method includes....(4)

Back 22

independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups

Front 23

in the correlation method when its negative, the arrows both go in...

Back 23

different directions

Front 24

in the correlation method when its positive, the arrows both go in...

Back 24

same direction (up or down)

Front 25

operational definition?

Back 25

exact procedures used in establishing experimental conditions / measurements to results

Front 26

blind study?

Back 26

subjects don't know what they are looking for

Front 27

double blind study?

Back 27

subjects and researchers don't know what they are looking for

Front 28

Case Study (descriptive method)?

Back 28

study of participants consisting of info gathered by observation, interview,or testing to provide a description of behavior or disorder

Front 29

survey (descriptive method)?

Back 29

using interviews to gather info about beliefs, experiences or behaviors of a group

Front 30

Naturalistic Observation (descriptive method)?

Back 30

observe and record behavior without intervening. subjects are not aware of observation

Front 31

evolutionary perspective?

Back 31

focus on evolution of behavior and mental processes

Front 32

biological perspective?

Back 32

complex systems that respond to hereditary and environmental influences

Front 33

biopsychology?

Back 33

interaction of biology, behavior, and enviornment

Front 34

afferent neurons?

Back 34

(sensory neuron) send messages from sensory receptors to spinal cord and brain

Front 35

efferent neurons?

Back 35

(motor neuron) send messages from motor receptors (spinal cord and brain) to muscles and glands

Front 36

afferent neurons send to...?

Back 36

efferent neurons

Front 37

make up of a neuron?

Back 37

dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminal

Front 38

what is a neurotransmitter?

Back 38

brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body.

Front 39

inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Back 39

block the changes that cause an action potential to be generated in the responding cell

Front 40

excitatory neurotransmitter?

Back 40

lead to changes that generate an action potential in the responding neuron

Front 41

resting potential?

Back 41

neuron is not responding to other neurons

Front 42

action potential?

Back 42

conduction of neural impulse along axon

Front 43

all or none principle?

Back 43

neuron fires impulse of the same strength when triggered

Front 44

refractory period?

Back 44

phase after firing of neuron in which neuron is less sensitive to messages from other neurons and will not fire

Front 45

synapse-fluid filled gap (synaptic gap)?

Back 45

between axon terminal from transmitting neuron and dendrite of receiving neuron

Front 46

Acetylcholine (Ach)?

Back 46

(excitatory) = memory, muscle movements (flexibility)

Front 47

Norepinephrine?

Back 47

(usually excitatory) = increased heart rate, learning and memory, (fight-or-flight response), also a hormone

Front 48

Dopamine?

Back 48

(inhibitory) = pleasure, voluntary movement, learning and memory (Parkinson's disease)

Front 49

Serotonin?

Back 49

(inhibitory) = emotional arousal, mood, appetite, increase brain activity

Front 50

endorphins?

Back 50

(inhibitory) = naturally within brain and bloodstream, inhibits pain, connected to indifference of pain (runner's high), natural high tht makes u feel good.

Front 51

central nervous system contains (CNS) ...?

Back 51

brain and spinal cord

Front 52

peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains..?

Back 52

(on the outside of CNS); sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons; contains the somatic and autonomic systems

Front 53

Somatic NS...?

Back 53

sensory and motor neurons, transmits messages to brain and purposeful movements from the brain.

Front 54

Autonomic NS...?

Back 54

regulates glands and muscles of internal organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Front 55

Sympathetic system...?

Back 55

(arousing) most active during emotional responses; spend the body's reserves of energy

Front 56

Parasympathetic system...?

Back 56

(homeostasis) most active during processes that restore body's reserve of energy

Front 57

4 lobes of cerebral cortex?

Back 57

frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

Front 58

frontal lobe...?

Back 58

front; higher thinking (cognitive) , motor cortex,

Front 59

temporal lobe...?

Back 59

above occipital, behind frontal; hearing and comprehending

Front 60

occipital lobe...?

Back 60

back/bottom of the brain; vision and sight

Front 61

parietal lobe...?

Back 61

sensation, sensory cortex, somatosensory

Front 62

somatosensory ?

Back 62

sensory system comprising the receptors to produce of the sensory modalities such as touch, temperature, body position, and pain

Front 63

hindbrain contains?

Back 63

oldest part; at stem brain; contains medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Front 64

medulla?

Back 64

basic things we do unconsciously

Front 65

pons?

Back 65

regulation of movement, sleep & arousal, respiration, and digestion

Front 66

cerebellum?

Back 66

maintains balance, coordination, and muscle tone

Front 67

reticular activating system (RAS)?

Back 67

allows you to be alive; functions of attention, sleep, and arousal; sends messages to cerebral cortex (injury =coma)

Front 68

forebrain contains?

Back 68

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum, cerebral cortex, limbic system

Front 69

thalamus?

Back 69

station for sensory stimulation

Front 70

hypothalamus?

Back 70

regulates body temp, hunger, thirst

Front 71

cerebrum?

Back 71

large mass of forebrain; controls voluntary movements

Front 72

cerebral cortex?

Back 72

gray matter covering cerebrum

Front 73

corpus calosum?

Back 73

connects right and left hemispheres

Front 74

limbic system parts?

Back 74

amygdala, hippocampus, parts of hypothalamus; involved in memory and emotion

Front 75

broca's and wernicke's areas?

Back 75

broca's = responses (speech); left frontal lobe;
wernicke's = comprehension (language)

Front 76

dudes of broca's and wernicke's?

Back 76

Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke

Front 77

humanistic-existential perspective?

Back 77

cognitive but emphasizes more on the role of personal experience (Moslow and Rogers)

Front 78

pyschodynamic perspective?

Back 78

scientific psychology and the arts. (Horney and Erikson)

Front 79

sociocultural perspective?

Back 79

many ways people different from one another

Front 80

what do psychologists do?

Back 80

research+practice+teaching

Front 81

13 fields of psychology?

Back 81

sport, forensic, health, industrial, experimental, environmental, social, personality, developmental, educational, school, school, counseling, clinical

Front 82

neural impulse?

Back 82

electrochemical messages that travel with neurons

Front 83

synaptic vesicles?

Back 83

contains neurotransmitters in the axon terminals