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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flashbulb Memory
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A clear memory of a significant event that everyone remembers
Instantly comes to memory Ex: 9.11, Pearl Harbor, where you were when you got certain news |
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Memory Models
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Info Processing Model
Atkinson- Shiffrin Model |
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Info Processing Model
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1)Encode (getting info in)
2)Storage (Retaining info) 3)Retrieval (Getting info out) |
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Atkinson- Shiffrin Model
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Has to effect you personally to get into your memory
1)Sensory Memory- lasts 7 seconds- sight, sound, touch, taste, smell 2)Short- Term Memory- lasts 20 seconds- always working 3)Long- Term Memory |
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Memory linked with Emotion
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Hippocampus is next to amygdala
=memory is next to emotion weak emotion= weak memory strong emotion= strong memory |
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Automatic Processing
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You don't have to work to remember the information
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Effortful Processing
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You have to do things to remember the information
- rehearsal, chunking, imagery, mnemonics |
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Serial Position Effect
Primacy Vs. Recency |
The tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
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Visual Encoding
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The encoding of picture images
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Acoustic Encoding
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The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
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Semantic Encoding
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The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
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Iconic Memory
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A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
A photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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Echoic Memory
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A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
If attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
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Amnesia
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Loss of memory
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Source Amnesia
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When someone can recall certain information, but do not know where or how it was obtained
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Explicit Memory
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Declarative
With conscious recall You have to do something to remember it Semantic Memory- Facts- general knowledge Episodic Memory- Experienced events |
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Implicit Memory
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Nondeclarative
Without conscious recall Sticks because it has affected you Skills- motor and cognitive Classical and operant conditioning effects |
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Forgetting
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Absent mindedness- Inattention to details produces encoding failure
Transience- Storage decay over time (unused info fades) Blocking- Inaccessibility of stored info (experience retrieval failure) |
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Distortion
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Misattribution- confusing the source of info (putting words in someone else's mouth or remembering effects of misinformation)
Suggestibility- the lingering effects of misinformation (leading questions later become false memories) Bias- belief-colored recollections (someone's current feelings towards their fiance may color their recalled initial feelings) |
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Priming
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The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
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Proactive Interference
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The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info
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Retroactive Interference
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The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info
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Repression
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The basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
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