Psych Chapter 9

Front 1

Intelligence

Back 1

the ability to think, understand, reason, and cognitively adapt to overcome obstacles

Front 2

Achievement tests

Back 2

measure knowledge and thinking skills that an individual has acquired

measure current abilities

Front 3

Aptitude tests

Back 3

are designed to measure an individual's potential to perform well on a specific range of tasks

predict future performance

Front 4

Psychometrics

Back 4

the measurement of psychological traits and abilities including personality, attitudes, and intelligence

Front 5

Validity

Back 5

the degree to which a test actually measures the trait or ability it is intended to measure

Front 6

Reliability

Back 6

the measurement of the degree to which a test produces consistent results

Front 7

Standardized test

Back 7

a test that has a set of questions or problems that are administered and scored in a uniform way (standard) across large numbers of individuals

Front 8

Norms

Back 8

statistics that allow individuals to be evaluated to a typical or standard score

Front 9

Percentile rank

Back 9

the percentage of scores below a certain point

Front 10

Mental Age

Back 10

the average or typical test score for a specific chronological age

Front 11

Stanford-Binet test

Back 11

a test intended to measure innate (genetic) intelligence

Front 12

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Back 12

a measurement in which the mental age of an individual is divided by the person's chronological age and then multiplied by 100

Front 13

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Back 13

the most commonly used intelligence test used on adolescents and adults

Front 14

Raven's Progressive Matrices

Back 14

an intelligence test that emphasizes problems that are intended not to be bound to a particular language or culture

Front 15

deductive reasoning

Back 15

extracting important information

Front 16

reproductive reasoning

Back 16

applying reasoning to new situations

Front 17

Anthropometrics

Back 17

a historical term refering to the method of measuring physical and mental variation in humans

Front 18

Factor Analysis

Back 18

a statistical technique that reveals similarities among a wide variety of items

Front 19

General Intelligence (g)

Back 19

a concept that intelligence is a basic cognitive trait comprising the ability to learn, reason, and solve problems regardless of their nature

Front 20

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

Back 20

a type of intelligence that is used to adapt to new situations and solve new problems without relying on previous knowledge

Front 21

Crystallized intelligence (Gc)

Back 21

is a form of intelligence that relies on extensive experience and knowledge and therefore, tends to be relatively stable and robust

Front 22

Savants

Back 22

individuals with low mental capacity in most domains but extraordinary abilities in other specific areas such as music, math, or art

Front 23

triarchic theory of intelligence

Back 23

a model of intelligence consisting of 3 domains: analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence

Front 24

Analytical Intelligence

Back 24

the verbal, mathematical problem-solving type of intelligence that probably comes to mind when we speak of intelligence

Front 25

Practical Intelligence

Back 25

the ability to address real-world problems that are encountered in daily life, especially those that occur in an individual's specific work context and family life

Front 26

Creative Intelligence

Back 26

the ability to create new ideas to solve problems

Front 27

Multiple intelligence

Back 27

a model claiming that eight different forms of intelligence exist, each independently from the others

Front 28

Learning styles

Back 28

the hypothesis that individuals are fundamentally different in how they best acquire information

Front 29

Flynn effect

Back 29

refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence scores over time

Front 30

Behavioral genetics

Back 30

examines how genes, environment, and their interaction influence behavior and cognition

Front 31

Genetics

Back 31

to what degree is intelligence an inherited trait?

Front 32

Genes

Back 32

if intelligence does have a genetic component, which genes are involved

Front 33

Genome

Back 33

if we can identify which genes contribute to intelligence, then how exactly do they contribute to brain development and function

Front 34

Behavioral Genomics

Back 34

the study of how specific genes, in their interactions with the environment, influence behavior

Front 35

Gene knockout (KO) studies

Back 35

involves removing a specific gene thought to be involved in a trait (such as intelligence) and testing the effects of removing the gene by comparing behavior of animals without the gene with those that have it

Front 36

Meritocracy

Back 36

a society in which people with the most merit gain the most privilege and status

Front 37

Confirmation bias

Back 37

if you believe something is true, you're likely to interpret a correlation in a way that supports your conviction

Front 38

Entity theory

Back 38

the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change

Front 39

Incremental theory

Back 39

the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort

Front 40

Stereotype threat

Back 40

when people are aware of stereotypes about their social group, they may fear being reduced to that stereotype

Front 41

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Back 41

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