Psych Chapter 7: Memory

Front 1

Memory:

Back 1

active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves) information

Front 2

Encoding:

Back 2

converting information into a usable form

Front 3

Short Term Memory (STM):

Back 3

memory system used to hold small amounts of information for relatively brief time periods.

Front 4

Working Memory:

Back 4

another name for STM; like a mental “scratchpad”

Front 5

Phonological storage:

Back 5

Storing Information by sound; how most things are stored in STM. Very sensitive to interruption or interference

Front 6

Information Chunks (TVI BMES PY MCA):

Back 6

Information bits grouped into larger units

Front 7

Long term Memory:

Back 7

memory system (LTM) used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information. Stored on basis of meaning and importance.

Front 8

Recording:

Back 8

reorganizing or modifying information to assist storage in memory.

Front 9

Constructive Processing:

Back 9

updating long-term memories on basis of logic, guessing, reasoning, or adding new information

Front 10

1 Procedural:

Back 10

long-term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills; includes basic conditioned responses and learned actions like those involved in typing, solving a puzzle, or swinging a golf club.

Front 11

2 Declarative:

Back 11

LTM factual information; stored factual information uch as names, faces, words, dates and ideas.

Front 12

3 Semantic Memory:

Back 12

impersonal facts and everyday knowledge about the world. Subpart of declarative memory

Mental Encyclopedia/dictionary

Front 13

4 Episodic:

Back 13

personal experiences linked with specific times and places. Subpart of declarative memory

mental Diary

Front 14

Explicit (Declarative):

and what are 2 types of memory

Back 14

conscious store of facts, information, personal life experience

Semantic Memory: & Episodic:

Front 15

Implicit (non declarative):

and 3 types of memory

Back 15

mental processes that occurs without any involvement of conscious awareness

Procedural Memory
Classically
Piming

Front 16

Procedural Memory:

Back 16

motor skills and habits

Front 17

Classically:

Back 17

conditioned memory

Front 18

Priming:

Back 18

former meaning exposed

facilitating the retrieval of an implicit memory by using cues to activate hidden memories

Front 19

Recall:

Back 19

supply or reproduce facts or information with some external cues; direct retrieval of facts or information

Front 20

Serial position Effect:

Back 20

Tendency to make the most errors in remembering the middle items or an ordered list. Remember the last items on the list because that are still in STM. Remember the first because they entered in an “empty” short-term memory

Front 21

Recognition Memory:

Back 21

identifies correctly previously learned material. Usually superior to recall

Front 22

Distractors:

Back 22

false items included with a correct item. Wrong choices on multiple- choice tests

Front 23

False Positive:

Back 23

False sense of recognition

Front 24

Relearning:

Back 24

learning again something that was previously learned. Used to measure memory to prior learning

Front 25

Saving score:

Back 25

amount of time saved (expressed as a percentage) when relearning information.

Front 26

Explicit Memory:

Back 26

past experience that are consciously brought to mind

Front 27

Implicit Memory:

Back 27

a memory not known to exist; memory that is retrieved unconsciously

Front 28

•Internal Images:

Back 28

mental images or visual depictions used in memory and thinking

Front 29

Memory Traces:

Back 29

physical changes in nerve cells or brain activity that occur when memories are stores

Front 30

State dependent learning:

Back 30

memory influenced by one’s bodily state at the time of learning and at the time of retrieval. Improved memory occurs when the bodily states match.

Front 31

Repression:

Back 31

unconsciously pushing painful, embarrassing or threatening memories out of awareness/ consciousness. Motivated forgetting, according to some theories

Front 32

Suppression:

Back 32

consciously putting something painful or threatening out of mind or trying to keep it from entering awareness

Front 33

Flashbulb Memories:

Back 33

memories created during times of personal tragedy, accident or other emotionally significant events. Depending on age, you may have a “flashbulb” memory of the world trade center attack, the death of Princess Diana or the Montreal massacre. Includes both positive and negative events. Not always accurate. Great confidence is places in them even though they may be inaccurate.