Psych 100 Ch 3

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Front 2

Cognitive Neuroscience

Back 2

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Front 3

Dual Processing

Back 3

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

Front 4

Blindsight

Back 4

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

Front 5

Selective Attention

Back 5

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Front 6

Inattentional Blindness

Back 6

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Front 7

Change Blindness

Back 7

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

Front 8

Circadian Rhythm

Back 8

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Front 9

REM Sleep

Back 9

Rapid eye movement; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Front 10

Alpha Waves

Back 10

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake statr.

Front 11

Sleep

Back 11

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Front 12

Hallucinations

Back 12

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Front 13

Delta Waves

Back 13

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 14

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Back 14

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that responds to light-sensitive retinal protiens; causes pineal gland to increase or decrease production of melatonin, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.

Front 15

Insomnia

Back 15

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Front 16

Narcolepsy

Back 16

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Front 17

Sleep Apnea

Back 17

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Front 18

Night Terrors

Back 18

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Front 19

Dream

Back 19

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Front 20

Manifest Content

Back 20

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

Front 21

Latent Content

Back 21

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).

Front 22

REM Rebound

Back 22

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

Front 23

Hypnosis

Back 23

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Front 24

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Back 24

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Front 25

Dissociation

Back 25

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Front 26

Psychoactive Drug

Back 26

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Front 27

Tolerance

Back 27

With repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses.

Front 28

Addiction

Back 28

Compulsive drug cravings and use, despite adverse consequences.

Front 29

Withdrawal

Back 29

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Front 30

Physical Dependence

Back 30

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Front 31

Psychological Dependence

Back 31

A psychological need to use a drug, such as relieve negative emotions.

Front 32

Depressants

Back 32

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow down body function.

Front 33

Alcohol Dependence

Back 33

(Popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use.

Front 34

Barbiturates

Back 34

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

Front 35

Opiates

Back 35

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Front 36

Stimulants

Back 36

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Front 37

Amphetamines

Back 37

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Front 38

Nicotine

Back 38

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Front 39

Methamphetamine

Back 39

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Front 40

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Back 40

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Front 41

Hallucinogens

Back 41

Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Front 42

LSD

Back 42

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

Front 43

Near-Death Experience

Back 43

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

Front 44

THC

Back 44

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.