Psych Chapter 13 (Therapies)

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Psychotherapy

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The use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders

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Insight therapies

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A variety of individual psycho therapies designed to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions in the hope that this will help them to adjust

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Free association

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A psycho analytic technique that encourages the person to talk without inhibition about whatever thoughts or fantasies come to mind

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Transference

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The client's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward the childhood authority figure

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Insight

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Awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior

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Client centered (or person centered) therapy b

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Non directional form of therapy developed by Carl Rogers that calls for unconditional positive regard of the client by the therapist with the goal of helping the client become fully functioning

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Short term psychodynamic therapy

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Insight therapy that is time limited to and focused on trying to help clients correct the immediate problems in their lives

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Behavior therapies

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Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all behavior, normal and abnormal, is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving

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Systematic desensitization

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A behavioral technique for reducing a person's fear and anxiety by gradually associating a new response (relaxation) with stimuli that have been causing the fear and anxiety

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Aversive conditioning

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Behavioural therapy techniques aimed at eliminating undesirable behavior patterns by teaching the person to associate them with pain and discomfort

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Behavior contracting

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Form of operant conditioning therapy in which the client and therapist set behavioral goals and agree on reinforcements that the client will receive on reaching those goals

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Token economy

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An operant conditioning therapy in which people earn tokens (reinforcers) for desired behaviors and exchange them for desired items or privileges

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Modeling

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A behavior therapy in which the person learns desired behaviors by watching others perform those behaviors

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Cognitive therapies

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Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situations as a way of modifying their behavior

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Stress inoculation therapy

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A type of cognitive therapy that trains clients to cope with stressful situations by learning a more useful pattern of self talk

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Rational -emotive therapy (RET)

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A directive cognitive therapy based on the idea that clients' psychological distress is caused by irrational and self defeating beliefs and that the therapist's job is to challenge such dysfunctional beliefs

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Cognitive therapy

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Therapy that depends on identifying and changing inappropriately negative and self critical patterns of thought

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Group therapy

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Type of psychotherapy in which clients meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior

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Family therapy

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A form of group therapy that sees the family as at least partly responsible for the individual's problems and that seeks to change all family members' behaviors to the benefit of the family unit as well at the troubled individual

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Couple therapy

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A form of group therapy intended to help troubled partners improve their problems of communication and interaction

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Eclecticism

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Psychotherapeutic approach that recognizes the value of broad treatment package over a rigid commitment to one particular form therapy

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Biological treatments

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A group of approaches, including medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and neurosurgery, that are sometimes used to treat psychological disorders in conjunction with, or instead of, psychotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs

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Drugs used to treat very severe psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia

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Electroconvulsive therapy

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Biological therapy in which a mild electrical current is passed through the brain for a short period, often producing convulsions and temporary coma; used to treat severe, prolonged depression

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Neurosurgery

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Brain surgery performed to change a person's behavior and emotional state; a biological therapy rarely used today

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Deinstitutionalization

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Policy of treating people with severe psychological disorders in the larger community or in small residential centers such as halfway houses, rather than in large public hospitals

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Primary prevention

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Techniques and programs to improve the social environment so that new cases of mental disorders do not develop

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Secondary prevention

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Programs to identify groups that are at high risk for mental disorders and to detect maladaptive behavior in these groups and treat it promptly

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Tertiary prevention

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Programs to help people adjust to community life after release from a mental hospital