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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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motivation
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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instinct
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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drive-reduction theory
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
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homeostasis
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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incentive
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
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hierarchy of needs
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the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger
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glucose
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the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
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set point
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the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
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basal metabolic rate
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an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
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anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
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bulimia nervosa
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the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson--excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
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sexual response cycle
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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
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refractory period
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a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
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sexual disorder
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a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
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estrogen
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the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
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testosterone
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an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
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sexual orientation
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a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
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flow
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the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
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industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
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personnel psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
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organizational psychology
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interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
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structured interviews
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a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
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achievement motivation
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goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
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task leadership
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group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
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social leadership
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