Psych Chapter 12

Front 1

Personality is

Back 1

An individual’s characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling

Front 2

Self - report tests – use questionnaires

Back 2

A series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state

Front 3

MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

Back 3

A well-researched, clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems

Front 4

Raymond Cattell – 16PF

Back 4

proposed a 16-factor theory of personality

Front 5

Projective tests

Back 5

A standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual’s personality

Front 6

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

Back 6

A projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people

Front 7

TAT vs. MMPI-2

Back 7

MMPI-2 is objective, TAT is subjective

Front 8

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Back 8

A projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent’s inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure

Front 9

BIG FIVE approach

Back 9

Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Extraversion

Front 10

C.A.N.O.E

Back 10

Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Extraversion

Front 11

TRAIT approach

Back 11

Tries to identify personality dimensions that can be used to characterize an individual’s behavior.

Front 12

Hans Eysenck – two trait dimensions

Back 12

extraverts
introverts

Front 13

PSYCHODYNAMIC approach

Back 13

An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness - motives that can also produce emotional disorders

Front 14

Id

Back 14

the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth. It is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives

Front 15

Ego

Back 15

The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands

Front 16

Super ego

Back 16

the mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority

Front 17

The unconscious

Back 17

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

Front 18

Projection

Back 18

A defense mechanism that involves attributing one’s own threatening feelings, motives, or impulses to another person or group

Front 19

Reaction formation

Back 19

A defense mechanism that involves unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of the opposite

Front 20

Displacement

Back 20

A defense mechanism that involves shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less-threatening alternative

Front 21

The defense mechanisms are

Back 21

unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses

Front 22

Psychosexual states are (in order)

Back 22

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Front 23

oral

Back 23

experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking, and being fed

Front 24

anal

Back 24

dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention and expulsion of feces and urine, and toilet training

Front 25

phallic

Back 25

experience is dominated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration associated with the phallic-genital region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy, and conflict

Front 26

latency

Back 26

the primary focus is on the further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skill

Front 27

genital

Back 27

a time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner

Front 28

HUMANISTIC approach

Back 28

personality grew out of philosophical traditions that are at odds with most of the assumptions of the trait and psychoanalytic approaches

Front 29

Maslow -self-actualization

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only when basic needs are satisfied can humans pursue higher needs, culminating in self-actualization - the need to be good, to be fully alive, and to find meaning in life

Front 30

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - The state of FLOW is

Back 30

engagement in tasks that exactly match one’s abilities creates a mental state of energized focus called flow

Front 31

EXISTENTIAL approach is

Back 31

a school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death

Front 32

Social –cognitive approach

Back 32

an approach that views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

Front 33

What is the person-situation controversy?

Back 33

the question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors

Front 34

PERSONAL CONSTRUCT approach -

Back 34

dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences

Front 35

Locus of control

Back 35

a person’s tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external to the environment

Front 36

Self –esteem

Back 36

the extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self

Front 37

Self- concept

Back 37

a person’s explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics