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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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personality
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distinguishing pattern of psychological characteristics- thinking, feeling and behaving- that differentiates us from others and leads us to act consistently across situations
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trait
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a stable predisposition to act or behave in a certain way
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trait theories
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formal systems for assessing how people differ, particularly in their predispositions to respond in certain ways across situations
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Big Five
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the 5 dimensions of personality- extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness- that have been isolated through the application of factor analysis
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cardinal traits
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Allports term to describe personality traits that dominate an individuals life, such as a passion to serve others or to accumulate wealth
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central traits
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allports term to describe the 5-10 descriptive traits that you would use to describe someone you know- friendly, trustworthy, and so on.
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secondary traits
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the less obvious characteristics of an individual's personality that do not always appear in his or her behavior, such as testiness when on a diet
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self-report inventories
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personality tests in which people answer groups of questions about how they typically think, act, and feel; their responses, or self-reports, are then compared to average responses compiled from large groups of prior test takers
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projective personality test
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a type of personality test in which individuals are asked to interpret unstructured or ambiguous stimuli
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positive regard
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the idea that we value what others think of us and that we constantly seek others' approval, love, and companionship
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conditions of worth
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the expectations or standards that we believe others place on us
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incongruence
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a discrepancy between the image we hold of ourselves- our self-concept- and the sum of all our experiences.
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self- actualization
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the ingrained desire to reach ones true potential as a human being
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social- cognitive theories
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an approach to personality that suggests it is human experiences, and interpretations of those experiences, that determine growth and development
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locus of control
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the amount of control that a person feels he or she has over the environment
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self- efficacy
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the beliefs we hold about our own ability to perform a task or accomplish a goal
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reciprocal determinism
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the idea that beliefs, behavior, and the environment interact to shape what is learned from experience
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person-situation debate
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a controversial debate centering on whether people really do behave consistently across situations
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self-monitoring
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the degree to which a person monitors a situation closely and changes his or her behavior accordingly; people who are high self-monitors may not behave consistently across situations
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