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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation |
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
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instinct |
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
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Four perspectives on motivated behaviors |
-instinct theory (evolutionary perspective) - focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors -drive-reduction theory - focuses on how we respond to our inner pushes -arousal theory - focuses on finding the right level of simulation -hierarchy of needs (Abraham Maslow) - focuses on the priority of some needs over others |
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drive-reduction theory |
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
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homeostasis |
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
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incentive |
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law |
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases |
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hierarchy of needs |
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must be first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active |
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hierarchy of needs (pyramid image) |
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glucose |
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues - when its level is low, we feel hunger |
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set point |
the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set; when your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight |
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basal metabolic rate |
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
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sexual orientation |
an enduring sexual attraction towards members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes |
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anorexia nervosa |
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise |
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bulimia nervosa |
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge-eating (usually high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting |
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binge-eating disorder |
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, guilt, or disgust, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa |
