Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
thinking |
mental manipulation of representations of information we encounter in our environment |
|
|
analogical representation |
mental representations that have some of the physical characteristics of objects |
|
|
symbolic representation |
abstract mental representation that consists of words or ideas |
|
|
concept |
a mental representation of objects, events, or relations around common themes |
|
|
defining attribute model |
a category is characterized by a list of features that determines if an object is a member of the category |
|
|
prototype model |
within each category, there is a best example for that category |
|
|
exemplar model |
all concepts in a category are examples, together they form the category |
|
|
stereotypes |
cognitive schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of information of people, events or groups based on their membership in certain groups |
|
|
reasoning |
using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable |
|
|
decision making |
attempting to select the best alternative among several options |
|
|
problem solving |
finding a way around an obstacle to meet a goal |
|
|
heuristics |
a shortcut (rule of thumb/informal guideline) used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to make decisions |
|
|
availability heuristic |
tendency to make decisions based on information that comes most easily to mind |
|
|
representative heuristic |
tendency to place people or objects in a category if they are similar to the concept that is the prototype |
|
|
framing |
how information is presented affects how that information is perceived and influences decisions |
|
|
restructuring |
thinking about a problem in a new way in order to solve it |
|
|
mental sets |
tendency to approach a problem in the same way that has worked in the past (harder to solve problem) |
|
|
functional fixedness |
tendency to think of things based on their usual functions (harder to solve problem) |
|
|
intelligence |
the ability to reason, make decisions, make sense of events, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges |
|
|
IQ |
an ides of intelligence originally computed by dividing a child's estimated mental age by the child's chronological age and then multiplying by 100 |
|
|
general intelligence |
the idea that one general factor underlies intelligence |
|
|
fluid intelligence |
reflects the ability to process information, particularly in novel/complex circumstances |
|
|
crystallized intelligence |
reflects both the knowledge a person acquires through experience and the ability to use that knowledge |
|
|
multiple intelligence |
idea that people have many different types of intelligence that are independent of one another |
|
|
triarchic theory |
idea that people have 3 types of intelligence, analytic, creative and practical |
|
|
reliability |
how consistently a psychometric test produces similar results each time it is used |
|
|
validity |
how well a psychometric test measures what it is intended to measure |
|
|
achievement test |
tests whats knowledge and skills a person has learned |
|
|
aptitude test |
tests persons ability to learn, person's future performance |
|
|
mental age |
an assessment of a child's intellectual standing compared to that of same age peers, determined by comparing child's test score for children of each chronological age group |
|
|
stereotype threat |
apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to a person's group |
