Psych Chap 12 Terms

Front 1

personality

Back 1

characteristics, emotional responses, thoughts and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across circumstances.

Front 2

personality trait

Back 2

a characteristic a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances.

Front 3

psychodynamic theory
behaviors are largely the product of unconscious desires

Back 3

Freudian theory that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives influence behavior.

Front 4

psychosexual stages

Back 4

according to freud the development stages that correspond to the pursuit of satisfaction of libidinal urges.

Front 5

concious level

Back 5

people are aware of their thoughts

Front 6

unconcious level

Back 6

material that the mind cannot easily retrieve

Front 7

pre concious level

Back 7

not currently in awareness but could be brought into awareness.
it is similar to long term memory

Front 8

the oral stage

Back 8

lasts from birth till 18 months. pleasure is sought through the mouth.

Front 9

anal phase

Back 9

2-3 toilet tranning. learning to control bowels. focus on anus

Front 10

phallic stage

Back 10

3-5. libidinal energies are directed towards genitals. (masturbation)

Front 11

oedipus complex

Back 11

(mostly boys) they want a close relationship with the opposite sex parent. and resolve sit by adapting to many of the values and ideals of the same sex parent.

Front 12

latency stage

Back 12

libidinal urges are channeled into school work and making friends.

Front 13

genital stage

Back 13

adolescents and adults work to attain mature attitudes about sexuality and adulthood. reproducing is a contribution to society.

Front 14

id

Back 14

in psycho dynamic theory the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle.

Front 15

super ego

Back 15

the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct.

Front 16

ego

Back 16

the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates

Front 17

defense mechanisms

Back 17

unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from conflict and distress.

Front 18

humanistic approaches

Back 18

approaches to studying personality that emphasize personal experience and belief systems, and propose that people seek personal growth to fulfill their human potential

Front 19

personality types

Back 19

discrete categories based on global personality characteristics

Front 20

trait approach

Back 20

an approach to studying personality that focuses on the extent to which individuals differ in personality dispositions.

Front 21

five factor theory

Back 21

the idea that personality can be described using five traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Front 22

The big five

Back 22

1. openness to experience- independent
2. conscientiousness-organized.focused
3. extroversion-loving
4. agreeableness-trusting
5. neuroticism. -insecure.anxious

Front 23

idiographic approaches

Back 23

person centered approaches to studying personality that focus on individuals lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons

Front 24

nomothetic approaches

Back 24

approached to studying personality that focus on characteristics that are common to all people, although there is individual variation

Front 25

projective measures

Back 25

personality tests that examine unconscious precesses by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

Front 26

TAT(thematic apperception test

Back 26

a projective measure of personality where a person is shown an ambiguous picture and asked to tell a story about the picture

Front 27

objective measures

Back 27

relatively unbiased assessments of personality usually based on information gathered through self report questionnaires or observer ratings

Front 28

situationism

Back 28

the theory that behavior is determined as much by situations as by personality traits

Front 29

interactionists

Back 29

theorists who believe that behavior is jointly determined by underlying dispositions and situations

Front 30

temperaments

Back 30

biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways

Front 31

behavioral approach system (BAS)

Back 31

the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards

Front 32

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Back 32

the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain

Front 33

quantum change

Back 33

a transformation of personality that is sudden, profound, and enduring and that affects a wide range of behaviors

Front 34

name the 7 common defense mechanisms

Back 34

1.denial
2. repression
3. rationalization
4. reaction formation
5. displacement
6. sublimation
7. projection

Front 35

denial

Back 35

refusing to acknowledge source of anxiety
ex: sick person ignores medical advice

Front 36

repression

Back 36

excluding source of anxiety from awareness
ex: person fails to remember an unpleasant event

Front 37

projection

Back 37

attributing unacceptable qualities of the self to someone else
ex: competitive person describes others as super competitive

Front 38

reaction formation

Back 38

warding off an uncomfortable thought by overemphasizing its opposite
ex: person with homosexual desires makes homophobic remarks

Front 39

rationalization

Back 39

concocting a seemingly logical reason for bahavior that might otherwise be shameful
ex: person cheats on taxes, because everyone does it

Front 40

desplacement

Back 40

shifting the attention of emotion from one object to another
ex: person yells at children after a bad day of work

Front 41

sublimation

Back 41

channeling socially unacceptable impulses into constructive even admirable behavior
ex: sadist becomes denstist