Psych Ch.2

Front 1

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Back 1

surgical procedure that severs fibers connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus

Front 2

Heuristic

Back 2

mental shortcut that helps us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world

Front 3

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 3

heurisitc that involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similiary to a prototype (judging a book by its cover)

Front 4

Base Rate

Back 4

how common a characteristic or behavior is in the general population

Front 5

Availability Heuristic

Back 5

heuristic that involves estimating the likelihood of an occurence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds (Think Michigan example)

Front 6

Cognitive Biases

Back 6

systematic errors in thinking

Front 7

Hindsight Bias

Back 7

Tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecasted known outcomes

Front 8

Overconfidence

Back 8

tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions

Front 9

Naturalistic Observation

Back 9

watching behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation

Front 10

Advantage/Disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation

Back 10

high in external validity - low in internal validity.

Front 11

Advantage/Disadvantage of Case Studies

Back 11

Can provide existense proofs, allows us to study rare phenomena, can offer insights for later systematic testing - Are typically anecdotal

Front 12

Advantage/Disadvantage of Correlational Design

Back 12

Can help us predict behavior - doesnt allow us to infer causation

Front 13

Advantage/Disadvantage of Experimental Designs

Back 13

Allow us to infer Causation, high in interal validity - Can be low in extrenal validity

Front 14

external validity

Back 14

extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world perspectives

Front 15

internal vailidity

Back 15

extent to which we can draw cause and effect inferences from a study

Front 16

Case Study

Back 16

research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth, often over an extended time period

Front 17

Existence Proof

Back 17

demonstration that a given psychological phenomenon can occur

Front 18

Random Selection

Back 18

procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate

Front 19

Psychologist often use ____, or questionnares, to assess a variety of characteristics

Back 19

self-report measures

Front 20

Reliability

Back 20

consistency of measurement

Front 21

Validity

Back 21

extent to which a measure assesses what it purports to measure