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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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thinking |
the internal mental processes that make sense of our experiences |
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cognition |
all types of thinking, including knowing, remembering, reasoning, deciding, and communicating |
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rational thinking |
thinking marked by the use of deliberate reasoning |
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intuition |
the "gut feeling" that leads to a fast and easy conclusion |
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somatic marker |
a visceral, physiological response that reveals underlying emotion about an event or decision |
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dual processes |
the two modes of thinking, one fast and easy, one slow and careful |
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metacognition |
reflective thoughts about your own thinking processes |
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algorithm |
a well defined process that is guaranteed to produce a solution |
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heuristic |
a mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, that may or may not lead to a correct solution |
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Analogy |
a problem solving process that makes use of a previous solution |
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insight |
the sudden appearance in consciousness of a solution |
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probability theory |
a statistical algorithm that takes into account all contingencies and their likelihoods to determine the best estimate of an uncertain event |
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decision tree |
a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph of options, including chance event, resources, cost, and value |
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representativeness heuristic |
making a guess based on how much the situation "looks like" something known |
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availability heuristic |
using the ease of memory access as a measure of the likelihood of an event |
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framing effect |
a bias in decisions based on the description of the problem |
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inductive reasoning |
generalizing from specific info to form a rule |
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DEductive reasoning |
a logical task in which new assertions are derived from what is know |
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semanticity |
containing meaning or reference to things in the world |
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generativity |
the capacity to use a finite set to create endless variety of unique combinations |
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displacement |
the ability to refer to things not visible in our immediate surroundings |
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surface structure |
the ordering of a sequence of words in time |
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deep structure |
the composition of meaning within a phrase |
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pragmatics |
the social context of language that adds to its meaning |
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extralinguistic factors |
information outside of language that aids in comprehension |
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behaviorist theory |
language is learned just like other things |
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nativist theory |
language is a special skill we are born with |
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interactionist theory |
language combines inborn abilities with special environmental triggers |
