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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mental activity such as thinking or representing information
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cognition
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a mental representation that has some of the physical characteristics of an object; it is analgous to the object
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analogical representation
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an abstract mental representation that does not correspond to the physical features of an object or idea
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symbolic representation
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a mental representation that groups or categorizes objects, events, or relations around common themes
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concept
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the idea that a concept is characterized by a list of features that are necessary to determine if an object is a member of a category
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defining attribute model
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an approach to object categorization that is based on the premise that within each category, some members are more representative than others
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prototype model
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a form of reasoning in which logic is used to draw a specific conclusion from given premises
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deductive reasoning
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a form of reasoning in which we develope general rules after observing specific instances
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inductive reasoning
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in problem solving, shortcuts used to minimize the amount of thinking that must be done when moving from step to step in a solution space
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heuristics
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making a decision based on the answer that most easily comes to mind
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availability heuristic
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a rule for categorization based on how similar the person or object is to our prototypes for that category
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representativeness heuristic
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a tendency to search for and believe evidence that fits our existing views
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confirmation bias
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the effect of presentation on how information is perceived
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framing
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the realization of a solution to a problem
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insight
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a new way of thinking about a problem that aids its solution
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restructuring
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a problem solving strategy that has worked in the past
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mental set
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a tendency in problem solving to think of objects only as they are most commonly used
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functional fixedness
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the human ability to use knowledge, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges
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intelligence
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an assessment of a child's intellectual standing relative to that of their peers; determined by comparison of the childs test score with the average score from children of each chronological age
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mental age
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the number computed by dividing a child's estimated mental age by the child's chronological age, and then multiplying this number by 100
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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the idea that one general factor underlies all mental abilities
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general intelligence (g)
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information processing in novel or complex circumstances
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fluid intelligence
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knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge
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crystalized intelligence
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the idea that people can show different skills in a variety of different domains
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multiple intelligences
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a form of social intelligence that emphasizes the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions to guide thoughts and actions
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emotional intelligence (EQ)
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