Psych Ch. 5 And 6

Front 1

Parts of a neuron

Back 1

dendrites, soma, axon, neural impulse, myelin sheath, axon terminals

Front 2

dendrites

Back 2

receive message from other cells

Front 3

soma

Back 3

the cell body, which maintains the health of the neuron

Front 4

axon

Back 4

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Front 5

axon terminals

Back 5

form junctions with other cells

Front 6

neural impulse

Back 6

electrical signal traveling down the axon

Front 7

myelin sheath

Back 7

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Front 8

action potential

Back 8

the neural impulse when the neuron fires, a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron

Front 9

refractory period

Back 9

brief recharging phase following action potential

Front 10

resting potential

Back 10

when the cell is recharged, at rest, and capable of generating another action potential

Front 11

all or nothing principle

Back 11

a neuron always fires with the same intensity

Front 12

excitatory effect

Back 12

makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or "fire"

Front 13

inhibitory effect

Back 13

makes it less likely that the neuron will "fire"

Front 14

receptor cells

Back 14

specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body

Front 15

agonist

Back 15

a drug that boosts the effect of a neurotransmitter

Front 16

antagonist

Back 16

a drug that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter

Front 17

central nervous system

Back 17

includes the brain and the spinal cord

Front 18

acetylcholine

Back 18

triggers muscle contraction and affects both learning and memory

Front 19

dopamine

Back 19

influences learning, attention, and emotion

Front 20

serotonin

Back 20

affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood

Front 21

peripheral nervous

Back 21

contains all sensory nerves and motor nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the body. (somatic and autonomic)

Front 22

somatic

Back 22

the division that controls the body's skeletal muscles

Front 23

autonomic

Back 23

controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Front 24

sympathetic

Back 24

arouses the body to deal with perceived threats

Front 25

parasympathetic

Back 25

calms the body

Front 26

brainstem

Back 26

oldest part and central core of the brain

Front 27

limbic system

Back 27

a ring of structures at the border of the brainstem that helps regulate memory, fear, aggression, huger, and thirst

Front 28

hypothalamus

Back 28

helps regulate hunger and thirst, fight or flight, body temperature

Front 29

hippocampus

Back 29

helps process new memories for permanent storage

Front 30

amygdala

Back 30

controls emotional responses, especially fear and anger