Psych Ch. 3

Front 1

Developmental Psychology

Back 1

the study of changes in behavior and mental processes over time and factors that influence the course of these changes

Front 2

Prenatal

Back 2

Conception to birth

Front 3

Infancy

Back 3

Birth to 2 years

Front 4

Early Childhood

Back 4

2 - 6 years

Front 5

Middle Childhood

Back 5

6 - 12 years

Front 6

Adolescence

Back 6

12 - 20 years

Front 7

Young adulthood

Back 7

20 - 45 years

Front 8

Middle Adulthood

Back 8

45 - 60 years

Front 9

Late Adulthood

Back 9

60 years to death

Front 10

Endogenously

Back 10

View that biology and the steps of development play a big role in how people develop

Front 11

Exogenously

Back 11

Experiences play a big role in how a person develops

Front 12

Critical Period

Back 12

point in development when an organism is very sensitive to environmental input, making it easier for an organism to acquire certain brain functions and behviours.

Front 13

Sensitive period

Back 13

A better description for what people believe to be the critical period.

Front 14

Proximodistal patten

Back 14

a pattern in which growth and development proceed from the centre to the extrimities

Front 15

Cephalocaudal pattern

Back 15

a pattern in which growth and development proceed from top to bottom

Front 16

Rooting

Back 16

Touch corner of mouth, turns head and begins to suckle

Front 17

Grasping

Back 17

Press finger against infants hand and it will grasp it

Front 18

Moro

Back 18

Infants head loses support so it flings arms outwards and inwards

Front 19

Babinski

Back 19

Stroke sole of infants foot toes begin to spread apart

Front 20

Synapses

Back 20

Transmission points in neurons

Front 21

Synaptic pruning

Back 21

developmental reduction of neuronal connections, allowing stronger connections to flourish

Front 22

Myelination

Back 22

development of fatty deposits on neurons that allow electric impulses to pass through neurons more efficiently

Front 23

Cognitive Development (2)

Back 23

- Developed by Piaget

- changes in thinking that occurs over the course of time

Front 24

Schemata

Back 24

- Piaget's proposed mental structures or frameworks for understanding or thinking about the world.

Front 25

Assimilation

Back 25

one of two ways of gaining knowledge, defined by Piaget as the inclusion of new information or experiences into existing schemata

Front 26

Accomodation

Back 26

one of two ways of acquiring knowledge, defined by Piaget as the alteration of existing mental frameworks to take in new information

Front 27

Equilibrium

Back 27

Balance in a mental framework

Front 28

Sensorimotor (2)

Back 28

- birth to 2 years

- thinks using senses and motor skills, no thought beyond immediate experience

Front 29

Preoperational (2)

Back 29

- 2 - 7 years

- Able to hold ideas of objects in imagination; unable to consider another's point of view or distinguish between cause and effect

Front 30

Concrete Operational (2)

Back 30

- 7 - 11 years

- Can think about complex relationships(cause and effect, categorization); understands conservation; unable to think abstractly or hypothetically

Front 31

Formal Operational (2)

Back 31

- 11+ years

- able to think abstractly and hypothetically

Front 32

Object Permanence

Back 32

an infants realization that objects continue to exist even when they are outside the infants immediate sensory awareness

Front 33

Habituation

Back 33

the process in which individuals pay less attention to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly

Front 34

Operations

Back 34

Piagetian description of a child's ability to hold an idea in his or her mind and mentally manipulate it.

Front 35

Egocentrism

Back 35

flaws in a child's reasoning based on his or her inability to take another persons perspective

Front 36

Conservation

Back 36

the understanding that certain properties of an object (such as volume and number) remain the same despite changes in the objects outwards appearance

Front 37

Theory of mind

Back 37

a recognition that other people base their behaviours on their own perspectives, not on information that is unavailable to them

Front 38

Puberty

Back 38

development of full sexual maturity during adolescence

Front 39

Primary sex characteristics

Back 39

changes in body structures that occur during puberty that have to do specifically with the reproductive system, including growth of the testes and ovaries

Front 40

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 40

changes that occur during puberty and that differ according to gender, but are not directly related to sex