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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the consistent and distinctive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in which an individual engages
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personality
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collection or constellation of traits that describes the functioning of the person across situations and settings
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personality styles
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according to Freud, the relatively small part of our mind that we are aware of at the moment
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conscious mind
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according to Freud, those mental processes that are not currently conscious but could become so at any moment
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preconscious mind
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according to Freud,the thoughts, desires, feelings, and memories that are not consciously available to us but that nonetheless shape our everyday behavior
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unconscious mind
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an entirely unconscious part of the mind that contains our sexual and aggressive drives
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Id
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the process by which the id seeks to immediately satisfy whatever desire in currently active
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pleasure principle
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the part of our minds that includes our consciousness and that balances the demands of the id, superego, and reality
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ego
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an objective personality test consisting of true-false items that measure various personality demensions and clinical conditions such as depression
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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
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the process by which the ego seeks to delay gratification of id desires until appropriate outlets and situations can be found
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reality principle
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the part of our minds that includes our conscience and counterbalances the more primitive demands of the id
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superego
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the part of our minds that includes our conscience and counterbalances the more primitive demands of the id
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superego
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the fixed sequence of childhood developmental stages during which the id primarily seeks sexual pleasure by focusing its energies on distinct erogenous zones
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psychosexual stages
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a tendency to persist in pleasure-seeking behaviors associated with an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved
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fixation
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in Freud's theory, the first stage of psychosexual development during with the child derives pleasure by engaging in oral activities
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oral stage
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the Freud's theory, the second stage of psychosexual development during which the child derives pleasure from defecation
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anal stage
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in Freud's theory the third stage of psychosexual development during which the child derives pleasure from masturbation
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phallic stage
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in Freud's theory, the fourth stage of psychosexual development during which the child is relatively free from sexual desires and conflict
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latency stage
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the Freud's theory, the last stage of psychosexual development during which mature sexual feelings toward others begin to emerge, and the ego learns to manage and direct these feelings
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genital stage
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in Freud's theory, a very basic defense mechanism in which people move anxiety-arousing thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious mind
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repression
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in Freud's theory, the ego's methods of keeping threatening and unacceptable material out of consciosness and thereby reducing anxiety
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defense mechanism
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a defense mechanism in which people offer logical self-justifying explanations for their actions in place of the real, more anxiety-producing, unconsious reasons
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rationalization
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a defense mechanism allowing people ot express unacceptable feelings or ideas by consciously expressing their exact oppostie
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reaction formation
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a defense mechanism that diverts people's sexual or aggressive urges toward objects that are more acceptavle than those that actually stimulate their feelings
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desplacement
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a powerful defense mechansim in which people perceive their own aggressive or sexual urges not in themselves, but in others
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projection
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a defense mechanism in which people feced with intense anxiety psychologicall retreat to a more infantile developmental stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
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regression
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in Jung's personality theory, the part of the unconscious mind containing inherited memories shared by all human beings
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collective unconcsious
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in Jung's personality theory, inherited images that are passed down from our prehistoric ancestors and that reveal themselves as universal symbols in dreams, religion, and art
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archetypes
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people who are preoccupied with their inner world and tend to be hesitant and cautious when interacting with people
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introverts
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people who are focused on the external world and tend to be confident and socially outgoing
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extraverts
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an attitude of complete acceptance towar another person regardless of what she or he has said or done; it is based on the belief in that person's essential goodness
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undonditional positive regard
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an attitude of acceptance toward another person only when she or he meets your standards
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conditional positive regard
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fleeting but intense moments when a person feels happy, absorbed, and extremely capable
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peak experiences
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a descriptive approach to personality that identifies stable characteristics that people display over time and across situations
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trait perspective
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a relatively stable tendency to behave in a particular way across a variety of situations
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trait
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the tendency to bolster and defend self-esteem by taking credit for positive events while denying blame for negative events
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self-serving bias
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fleeting but intense moments when a person feels happy, absorbed, and extremely capable
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peak experiences
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a trait theory that asserts that personality consists of five traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness)
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five-factor model
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the study of the combined effects of both the situation and the person on human behavior
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interactionism
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a psychological perspective that examines how people interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about themselves, others, social interactions, and relationships
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social-cognitive perspective
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the social-cognitive belief that personality emerges from an ongoing mutual interaction among people's cognitions, their actions, and their environment
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reciprocal determinism
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a person's belief about his or her ability to perform behaviors that should bring about a desired outcome
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self-efficacy
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the degress to which we expect that outcomes in our lives depend on our own actions and personal characteristics versus the actions of uncontrollable environmental forces
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locus of control
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psychological tests that ask people to repond to ambiguous stimuli or situation in ways that will reveal their unconscious motives and desires
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projective tests
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a projective personality test in which people are shown ten symmetrical inkblots and asked what each might be depicting
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rorschach inkblot test
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personality tests that ask direct, unambiguous questions about a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior
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objective tests
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