Psych Ch. 11 Conflict Between The Sexes

Front 1

sexual conflict

Back 1

conflict between the evolutionary interests of individuals of the two sexes

Front 2

strategic interference

Back 2

occurs when a person employs a particular strategy to accomplish a goal and another person block the successful enactment of that strategy.

Front 3

inference of strategic interference

Back 3

the negative emotions such as anger, distress, and upset are psychological solutions that have evolved in part to solve the adaptive problems of strategic interference.

Front 4

inferences about sexual intent

Back 4

men sometimes infer sexual interest on the part of a woman when it does not exist.

Front 5

Deception about Commitment

Back 5

men report that they intentionally deceive women about emotional commitment

Front 6

Cognitive biases in sexual mind reading

Back 6

People must make inferences of others intentions and concealed ideas about others using cues that are only probabilistically related to the deed's occurence.

Front 7

error management theory

Back 7

Two types of errors:
- thinking you have detected a concealed deed/intention that is not there
- failing to detect a deed/intention that is there

*Unlikely that the cost-benefit consequences of both errors would be identical across occurrences

Front 8

over-perception bias

Back 8

men who are interested in short-term mating experience this; belief that women are more interested in having sex with you than they really are.

Front 9

commitment skepticism bias

Back 9

women have evolved an inferential bias to underestimate men's actual level of romantic commitment to her early in courtship.

Front 10

sexual witholding

Back 10

both sexes are bothered by saying no to intercourse, men significantly more than women

Front 11

Deception about Commitment

Back 11

men report that they intentionally deceive women about emotional commitment

Front 12

why women withhold sex

Back 12

- preserve ability to choose men of high quality who are willing to commit emotionally and invest materially.
- manipulate men's perceptions of a women's value as a mate.
- to encourage a man to evaluate a woman as a permanent rather than temporary mate.

Front 13

Cognitive biases in sexual mind reading

Back 13

People must make inferences of others intentions and concealed ideas about others using cues that are only probabilistically related to the deed's occurence.

Front 14

error management theory

Back 14

Two types of errors:
- thinking you have detected a concealed deed/intention that is not there
- failing to detect a deed/intention that is there

*Unlikely that the cost-benefit consequences of both errors would be identical across occurrences

Front 15

over-perception bias

Back 15

men who are interested in short-term mating experience this; belief that women are more interested in having sex with you than they really are.

Front 16

commitment skepticism bias

Back 16

women have evolved an inferential bias to underestimate men's actual level of romantic commitment to her early in courtship.

Front 17

sexual witholding

Back 17

both sexes are bothered by saying no to intercourse, men significantly more than women

Front 18

why women withhold sex

Back 18

- preserve ability to choose men of high quality who are willing to commit emotionally and invest materially.
- manipulate men's perceptions of a women's value as a mate.
- to encourage a man to evaluate a woman as a permanent rather than temporary mate.

Front 19

sexual harassment

Back 19

unwanted and unsolicited sexual attention from other individuals in the workplace

Front 20

rape

Back 20

the ose of force or threat of force to obtain sexual intercourse

Front 21

rape as adaptation theory

Back 21

selection has favored ancestral males who raped in certain circumstances

Front 22

6 rape adaptations in the male mind

Back 22

- assessment of the vulnerability of potential rape victims
- a context sensitive "switch" that motivates rape in men who lack sexual access to consenting partners
- a preference for fertile rape victims
- an increase in sperm counts of rape ejaculates compared with those occurring in consensual sex
- sexual arousal to the use of force or to female resistance to consensual sex
- marital rape in circumstances in which sperm competition might exist

Front 23

by-product theory of rape

Back 23

proposed that rape is a non-designed and non-selected-for by-product of other evolved mechanisms, such as the male desire for sexual variety

Front 24

mate deprivation hypothesis

Back 24

men who have experienced sexual deprivation of sexual access to women will be more likely to use sexually aggressive tactics

Front 25

partner rapists

Back 25

when women experience rape from their husbands; usually this is experienced when men believe the wives are being unfaithful.

Front 26

evolved anti-rape adaptations definition

Back 26

selection favoring defense mechanisms in women designed to prevent becoming a victim.

Front 27

anti-rape adaptations examples (6)

Back 27

- format of alliances with other males as "special friends" for protection
- mate selection based on qualities of men such as physical size and social dominance that deter other men from sexual aggression
- the cultivation of female-female coalitions for protection
- the development of specialized fears that motivate women to avoid situations in which they might be in danger of rape
- the avoidance of risky activities during ovulation to decrease the odds of sexual assault when they are most likely to conceive
- psychological pain from rape that motivates women to avoid rape in the future

Front 28

4 strategies women use to avoid rape

Back 28

- avoid strange or dangerous men
- avoid appearing sexually receptive
- avoid being alone
- being prepared and showing awareness of surroundings

Front 29

jealousy

Back 29

may serve to solve the adaptive problem of cuckoldry
men: uncertainty of fatherhood.
women: husbands channeling of resources towards other women.

Front 30

cues men pick up on to jealousy

Back 30

sexual infidelity

Front 31

cues women pick up on to jealousy

Back 31

diversion of investment such as emotional involvement with another person

Front 32

mate retention tactics

Back 32

men are more likely than women to use strategies to keep their partners

Front 33

resource display

Back 33

buying partner gifts to display that they are unavailable.

Front 34

contexts influencing the intensity of mate retention tactics

Back 34

- youthfulness and physical attractiveness of wife
- men, particularly those low on good genes, will increase mate-retention efforts when their partner is ovulating
- high income and high status will be accompanied by higher mate-retention tactics by women

Front 35

wilson and daly mate violence hypothesis

Back 35

willingness to resort to extreme violence represents a risky strategy to deterring the wife from leaving and deterring sexual rivals