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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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developmental psychology
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the study of changes in physiology, cognition, and social behavior over the life span
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teratogens
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environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus
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synaptic pruning
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a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used frequently are preserved and those that are not are lost
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critical period
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time in which certain experiences must occur for normal brian development, such as exposure to the visual information during infancy for the normal development of the visual pathways of the brain
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sensitive period
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the specific points in development at which some skills are most easily learned
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attachment
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s strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances
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preferential looking technique
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when infants are shown two things. if they look longer at one,researchers know that infants can distinguish between two things
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orienting reflex
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the tendency for humans to pay more attention to novel stimuli
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schemas
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hypothetical cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process and use information
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assimilation
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the process through which a new experience is placed into an existing schema
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accomodation
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the process through which a schema is adapted or expanded to incorporate the new experience
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sensorimotor stage
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the first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which infants acquire information about the world through their senses and respond reflexively
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object permanence
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the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen, a key accomplishment of the sensorimotor period
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preoperational stage
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the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which childrean think symbolically about objects, but reason is based on appearance rather than logic
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concrete operational stage
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the third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which children behin to think about and understand operations in ways that are reversible
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formal operational stage
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the final stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development; it involves that ability to think abstractly and to formulate and test hypothesis through deductive logic
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infantile amnesia
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the inability to remember events from early childhood
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source amnesia
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a type of amnesia that occurs when a person remembers an event but cannot remember where they encountered the information
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theory of mind
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the term used to describe the ability to explain and predict other people's behavior as a result of recognizing their mentail state
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telegraphic speech
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the tendency for children to speak using rudimentary sentences that are missing words and grammatical markings but follow a logical syntax
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deep structure
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the implicit meanings of sentences
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social development
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the maturation of skills or abilities that enable people to live in a world with other people
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adolescence
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the transitional period between childhood and adulthood
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gender
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a term that refers to the culturally constructed differences between males and females
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gender identity
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personal beliefs about whether one is male or female
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gender roles
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the characteristics associated with men and women because of cultural influence or learning
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gender schemas
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cognitive structures that influence how people perceive the behaviors of men and women
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empathy
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an emotional state that arises from understanding another's emotional state in a manner similar to what the other person is feeling or would be expected to feel in a given situation
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