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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
Individuals consistent patterns of feelings, thinking and behavior |
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German physician Franz Joseph Gall (Phrenology) |
Could measure personality by assessing the patterns of bumps on peoples skulls. |
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William Herbert Sheldon ( somatology ) |
Determine personality by body shape. Ectomorph, Mesomorph, Endomorph |
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Physiognomy |
Asses personality through facial features |
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Traits |
Relatively enduring characteristics that influence our behavior across many situations. |
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What's a popular way of measuring traits ? |
Administering personality tests which are self report about their own characteristics. |
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Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( MTBI ) |
Introversion v.s. extraversion Sensing v.s. intuiting Thinking v.s. feeling Judging v.s. perceiving |
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Cardinal traits |
Most important traits |
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Central traits |
The basic and most useful traits |
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Secondary traits |
Less obvious and less consistent ones |
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Source / surface traits |
More important / less important |
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Hansen Eysenck |
Interested in biological and genetic origins of personality. Made important contribution to understanding introversion and extraversion. |
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Five factor model of personality |
Agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience |
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Barnum effect |
Observation that people tend to believe in descriptions of their personality that are supposedly descriptor for then but can be of anyone |
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Minnesota multiphadic personality test MMPI |
Test used to identify psychological disorders Large amounts of true and false questions |
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Projective measures |
Measures personality shown incomplete sentences or drawing of social situations to show how creative the response can be. |
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Thematic Apperception test TAT |
Test personality having to create stories and or sketches |
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Psychodynamic approach |
Approach by Freud Role of unconcious |
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ID |
Impulse Pleasure principle Aggresive/destructive drive Sexual drive Feels good do it |
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EGO |
Concious controller Reality principle Self control |
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Super Ego |
Morality. Strives for perfection |
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Self concept |
Set beliefs of about who we are |
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Self esteem |
Positive feelings about self |
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Self actualization |
Motivation to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent |
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Abnormal psych |
Application of psychological science to help understand and treat disorders |
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Abnormal behavior |
Statistically rare Social norm deviance Subject discomfort Inability to function Danger to self/ others |
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Biomedical therapy |
Surgical treatment, drugs, electroshock |
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Humanistic therapy |
Rodgers person centered therapy Client talks, therapist listens 4 components: reflection, authenticity, empathy, unconditional positive regard |
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Systematic desensitization |
Treating phobias 3 steps: relaxation, fear hierarchy, progressive exposure |
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Stereotyping |
Attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or social group |
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Prejudice |
Dislike people because of their appearance |
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Self fulfilling prophecy |
When expectations about personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those ways that make those beliefs come true |
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Mere exposure |
Prefer stimuli that we've seen more frequently |
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Casual attribution |
Forming judgements by observing behavior |
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Attitude |
Refer to our relatively enduring evaluations of people and things |
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Reciprocal altruism |
If we help people now we expect then to help us out later |
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Conformity |
Change behavior depending where your at |
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Obedience |
Conform to those is authority |
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Social facilitation |
Perform better when others are present |
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Social inhibition |
Work slower when people are around |
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5 steps decision making |
Notice Define emergency Take responsibility Plan course of action Take action |
