Psych Block 1 Definitions

Front 1

Model where Doctor knows best and may withhold information when it is in the patients best interest. Contrary to Autonomy.

Back 1

Paternalistic Model

Front 2

Model where the Doctor is the teacher but leaving ALL decision making to the Patient WIthoUT suggestion or interference

Back 2

Informative Model

Front 3

Model where Doctor shares decision making based on individual differences the doctor learns about the patient

Back 3

Interpretive Model

Front 4

Model where Doctor Counsels as you would a friend while Advocating a course of action

Back 4

Deliberative Model

Front 5

Model where Patient Shares responsibility for his care - Ideal Model of Patient-Physician Relationship

Back 5

Collaborative Model

Front 6

Process in which PATIENTS unconsciously attribute aspects from PAST relationships and people onto the Physician

Back 6

Transference

Front 7

Process in which DOCTORS unconsciously ascribe motives or attitudes to Patients due to his or her Past Relationships

Back 7

Countertransference

Front 8

Difficult Patients:

1) Dependent Clingers
2) Entitled Demanders
3) Manipulative Help-Rejecters
4) Self-Destructive Deniers

Back 8

1) Dependent Clingers - Provoke AVERSION

2) Entitled Demanders - Evoke FEAR and COUNTERATTACK

3) Manipulative Help-Rejecters - Evoke GUILT and SENSE OF INADEQUACY

4) Self-Destructive Deniers - Evoke ANXIETY and MALICE

Front 9

Unselfishly assisting others to Avoid Negative Personal Feelings

A woman with poor self-image volunteers in a soup kitchen on her day off from work

Back 9

Altruism

Front 10

Expression of feeling WITHOUT causing Discomfort

A man who has had a leg amputated makes jokes about one-legged people

Back 10

Humor

Front 11

Rerouting an Unacceptable Drive in a Socially Acceptable Way

A man whose daughter was killed by a drunk driver regularly speaks to high school students about the dangers of drinking and driving

A person experiencing extreme anger might take up kick-boxing as a means of venting frustration

Back 11

Sublimation

Front 12

Consciously putting aside but NOT Repressing (unconscious) Unwanted Feelings

A breast cancer patient decides that she will worry about her illness for only 10 minutes per day

Back 12

Suppression

Front 13

Attributing one's own personally unacceptable feelings to OTHERS. Works by allowing the expression of the desire or impulse, but in a way that the ego cannot recognize, therefore reducing anxiety.

A man who has sexual feelings for his brother’s wife begins to believe that his own wife is cheating on him

Strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that he or she does not like you.

Back 13

Projection

Front 14

Believing people or events are either ALL BAD or ALL GOOD because of Intolerance to Ambiguity (Good AND Bad)

A woman who believed her physician was godlike begins to think he is a terrible physician after he is late for an appointment with her

Back 14

Splitting

Front 15

Appearance of Childlike Patterns of Behavior during Stressful Situations

A hospitalized 35-year-old patient insists on only eating hot dogs and ice cream

Back 15

Regression

Front 16

Separation of Certain Thoughts or Memories from Consciousness or Real Life Events

A woman who was sexually abused as a child has two distinct personalities in adulthood

Back 16

Dissociation

Front 17

Avoiding Personally unacceptable feelings by behaving in an attention-getting, often socially inappropriate manner

A teenager with a terminally ill younger sibling begins to do badly at school and argues with her parents at home

Back 17

Acting Out

Front 18

Not believing personally intolerable facts about reality

An accountant who had a myocardial infarction is found doing push-ups on the floor of the coronary care unit. The patient, who exercised regularly prior to the MI, states that his heart attack was not serious and that he does not want to fall behind in his fitness program

Back 18

Denial

Front 19

Transfer of emotion from an unacceptable to acceptable person or object. Taking out our frustrations, feelings and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening.

ie. Blaming a 3rd party for something someone else did.

A man whose son was killed by a drunk driver attacks and seriously injures a drunken street-person

Taking out frustrations on gf rather than your boss.

Back 19

Displacement

Front 20

Unconsciously patterning one's behavior after that of someone who is more powerful

A man who had a critical, punitive father berates and verbally insults his own son

Back 20

Identification

Front 21

Using the mind's higher functions to avoid experiencing uncomfortable emotions

A physician who has received a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer excessively discusses the statistics of the illness with his colleagues and family

Back 21

Intellectualization

Front 22

Faling to experience the feeling associated with a stressful life event, although logically understanding the significance of the event

Without showing any emotion, a woman tells her husband the results of tests that show that her cancer has metastasized

Back 22

Isolation of Affect

Front 23

Giving reasonable explanations for an unacceptable or irrational feelings

A 40-year old general surgeon loses his right leg above the knee in an auto accident. After recovery from his surgery, he tells his colleagues and family members that the loss of his leg was unfortunate but beneficial to his medical practice, which helps him understand the experience of his amputee patients.

Back 23

Rationalization

Front 24

Denying unacceptable feelings and adopting Opposite attitudes. Hide true feelings by behaving in the exact opposite manner.

A 38-year old computer programmer is subconsciously attracted to a coworker but frequently argues and fights with her

Treating someone you strongly dislike in an excessively friendly manner in order to hide your true feelings

Back 24

Reaction Formation

Front 25

Converting an unacceptable event from the past by adopting acceptable behavior in the present (superstitious behavior)

A woman was burglarized when she left her house unlocked. Now she repeatedly checks her door locks before leaving her house.

Back 25

Undoing

Front 26

Frontal Lobe Fx

Back 26

Voluntary Movement
Language PRODUCTION (Left)
MOTOR Prosody (Right)
Comportment (Behavior)
Executive Function
Motivation

Front 27

Temporal Lobe Fx

Back 27

Audition
Language COMPREHENSION (Left)
SENSORY Prosody (Right)
Memory
Emotion

Front 28

Parietal Lobe Fx

Back 28

Tactile Sensation
Reading/Calculation (Left)
Visuospatial Function (Right)

Front 29

Hippocampus Fx

Back 29

Short/Long-Term Memory

Front 30

Episodes of bizarre behavior, including Hallucinations WITHOUT Grand Mal Seizure. May show Aggressive behavior between episodes.

Back 30

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Front 31

Hypersexuality, Placidity, Tendency to explore environment with MOUTH, constantly shifting attention, inability to recognize emotional meaning of visual stimuli

Back 31

Bilateral Temporal Lobe Damage

Front 32

Cingulate Gyrus Fx

Back 32

Focuses attention on emotionally significant events

Front 33

Septum Fx

Back 33

Areas that seem to be centers for Orgasm

Front 34

Caudate Fx

Back 34

Modulates Motor Acts (allows the motor system to ONLY carry out Goal-Directed acts)

Failure = Extraneous Acts:
1) OCD
2) Tourette's
3) Other Tic Disorders

Diminished in Huntington's Disease

Front 35

Putamen Fx

Back 35

Regulates Movement, Influences Learning

Front 36

Globus Pallidus Fx

Back 36

Postural Control

Front 37

Prefrontal Cortex Fx

Back 37

Thinking about the Future, Making Plans and Taking Actions

Plays a part in Addiction and Pleasure (VTA)

Front 38

Cerebellum Fx

Back 38

Coordinates Complex Movement to make them smooth

Ablation causes Coarse Movements and Tremulousness

Active even when a movement is imagined!

Front 39

Disorder of Motor Planning. loss of ability to execute learned, purposeful movements.

Commonly associated with Injuries to the Parietal Lobes

Back 39

Apraxia

Front 40

Hypnosis

Back 40

Peak Age of Hypnotizability: 9-10

Adults which are significantly more hypnotizable than the general population:
1) Anxiety Disorders
2) Somatoform Disorders
3) IBS

Moderately More:
1) PTSD

Increased Theta Activity

NOT Sleep

Associated with Anterior Cingulated Gyrus, Insula, Parietal Area

Highly Hypnotic Individuals = DECREASE in P100 and P300 Wave Components

Front 41

Proinflammatory Cytokines

Back 41

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

Cause "SIck Syndrome" without Fever, resembles Depressive Behavior

Front 42

Neonatal Period

Back 42

0-1 Month

Front 43

Galant Neonatal Reflex

Back 43

Stroking back along spine results in trunk arching toward the side

Front 44

Moro Neonatal Reflex

Back 44

Withdrawal of Physical Support or Sharp Noise results in Arms Extending outward and returning to midline

Front 45

Tonic Neck Neonatal Reflex

Back 45

Emerges several weeks after birth. When the infant's head and neck turn in a direction, the infant assumes a "fencing" posture on that side.

Front 46

First signs of Gonadarche in Males/Females:

Back 46

Males - Testicular Enlargement

Females - Thelarche and Growth Acceleration (since Ovarian Growth CANNOT be seen)

Front 47

Pubic Hair and Tanner Stages

Back 47

Stage 1: NONE

Stage 2: Small, Long, Downy Hair with Slight Pigmentation

Stage 3: More Coarse, Curly, Begins to Extend Laterally

Stage 4: Adult-Like, But Sparring Medial Thigh

Stage 5: Hair Extends to Medial Thigh

Front 48

CRAFFT Screening for Drug and Alcohol Use in Adolescents

Back 48

2 or More = Significant

C - have you ever ridden in a CAR driven by someone on a substance

R- Do you ever use substances to RELAX

A - do you ever use when ALONE

F - ever FORGET things while under the influence?

F - FAMILY/FRIENDS ever tell you to cut down?

T - ever gotten into TROUBLE while using?

Front 49

Brain Regions and Autism

Back 49

1) Frontal Cortex --> Executive Functioning

2) Amygdala and other Limbic Structures --> Emotion Recognition and Expression

3) Temporal Lobes

Front 50

Reading Learning Disorder

Back 50

"Dyslexia"

Most Common Learning Disorder (~80%)

Dx = Early Elementary Grades

Males diagnosed more, but probably ~equal

Front 51

Mathematics Learning Disorder

Back 51

Dyscalculia, Acalculus, Gerstmann's Syndrome

PALM
P - Perceptual Skills:
-Recognizing Numerical Symbols
-Clustering Objects into Groups

A - Attention Skills:
-Copying Numbers/Figure Correctly
-Observing Operational Signs

L - Linguistic Skills:
-Decoding written problems into mathematic symbols

M - Mathematics Skills:
-Counting objects
-Learning multiplication tables

Dx = 2nd-3rd Grade

Front 52

Written Expression Learning Disorder

Back 52

Dysgraphia, Agraphia

Difficulties in composing written text.

Dx by 2nd Grade

Front 53

Neurochemistry Factors and Agression

Back 53

Increased Prolactin Response to Fenfluramine (a measure of 5HT/Serotonin Responsivity)

Decreased Cortisol levels

Front 54

Neuroimaging of Murderers

Back 54

Reduced Metabolism in Angular Gyrus and Corpus Callosum, and Frontal Cortex

Front 55

How are Tics different from Other Movement Disorders (eg Huntingtons) and Partial Seizures?

Back 55

Tics REDUCE with Sleep

Tics ARE SUPPRESSIBLE

Tics are NOT STEREOTYPIC (vary in quality and location)

Front 56

Scabs on Knuckles (Russel's Sign)

Lots of Cavities

Chipmunk Cheeks (Enlarged Salivary Glands)

Back 56

Bulimia Nervosa!

More Angry than Anorexic Patients!