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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Definition of learning
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Any relatively permanent change in performance potential that is brought about through experience
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What is associative learning and the different types?
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forms a memory between two events, two things become connected. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
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What is cognitive learning?
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involves concept formation, mental abstractions and the like
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What is stimulus generalization?
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Once the conditioning has taken hold, stimuli that are similar to the CS begin to produce a conditioned response
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What is stimulus discrimination?
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responding only to the stimulus and nothing else.
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Ralph Asked Greg About Barbara
(Punishment) |
Reinforces the punisher
Appropriate (show desired behavior) Generalized inhibitory effect Aggression, a model for Backfire and become a stimulus |
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What is shaping?
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When you gradually move them toward the desired stimulus
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Which kind of reinforcement is it easiet to make extinct?
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those that have been reinforced on a continuous schedule then
a fixed schedule is next and variable is the hardest b/c they never know when the reward is coming. |
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What is the experiment on Latent learning?
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Tolman’s research with rats of 3 different groups
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What is a cognitive map?
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A map made in your head of something; like the rats cognitive map of the maze.
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The first critical component of observational learning is ______
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attention.
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Two ways of storing information
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Imaginal, basically a sensory image for retrieval,
and verbal, translating what you have seen into words |
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What are the three basic terms of memory?
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Encoding, Storing, and Retrieval
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What are the main types of retrieval?
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Recognition and recall
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What are the two types of recall?
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Free recall and cued recall
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Atkinson and Schiffron's transfer and storage model of memory
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says there are three stages or types of memory, which are
sensory, stm (fades usu in 30 seconds), and ltm |
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What are the two types of storage for sensory memory?
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iconic for visual and echoic for sound
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What are the codes for LTM?
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Verbal (desk), Imaginal (sensory image, image of notes in memoy, but no words), and Motor (riding a bike)
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What is subjective organization?
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The tendency we all have to subject our own organization on information in order to memorize it.
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What are serial position effects?
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Refers to the fact that we tend to remember the information either at the end or the beginning of a sequence.
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What are the recency and primacy effects?
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Recency - is that we tend to remember what is at the end of a list b/c it was the latest thing we heard
Primacy - we tend to remember the beginning of the list probably due to rehearsal. |
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What is Explicit (declarative) memory?
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Consciously remembering something/Knowledge that can be brought to the consciuos mind and verbalized. 2 kinds...
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What are the two kinds of explicit memory?
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Semantic memory (general knowledge and facts) and Episodic memory (memory for events you have experienced)
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What is Implicit memory?
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Memory that we didnt have to try to remember, like the effects of conditioning: we dont have to remember to blink when we see the clicker since it's been linked with a puff of air, and procedural memory (how to do thing)
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Craik and Lockhart's level's of processing model
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Says that we only have one kind of memory, it just depends on how deeply we process the information
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What is it called when we remember things according to our mood?
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Mood-congruent memory
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What is the term describing that memory is based on our psysiological and mental state? Such as why we dont remember our dreams
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State-dependent memory
we are in a different |
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What is a schema?
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basically a concept, more specifically a mental structure for organizing bits of information
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What is an associative network?
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the organization of schemas in an (x,y,z) plane or 3 dimensional plane
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What is priming?
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the fact that mentioning one schema is going to make it easier to recall similar ones
The idea is that once you activate one section of the schema than you can recall related schemas more easily |
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What is a default value?
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your best guess about what the most likely value for a feature is
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