Psych And Soc. Chapter 3

Front 1

from video, what are the four principles of beneficence

Back 1

1-equipoise: equal treatment for all subjects. IT HAS TO BE EFFECTIVE.

2-benefit general population

3-benefit test subjects

4- not harming test subjects

Front 2

Respect for persons

Back 2

respecting the confidentiality/ consent

Front 3

justice

Back 3

treat everybody equally with effective treatment. For both medicine and research.

Front 4

Beneficence medical term vs. beneficence research

Back 4

medical: benefit the patient

research: dont do harm, benefit the research subject, benefit the general population

Front 5

autonomy in research and medicine

Back 5

respect the consent of patients.

Front 6

dishabituation

Back 6

another stimulus that comes in later in the habituation process that makes you more alert to the original first stimulus.

Front 7

Associative learning is

Back 7

creating a pairing between two stimuli or a behavior and a response.

Front 8

associative learning comes in two forms; what are they

Back 8

classical conditioning: CS..CR...UCS..UCR

operant conditioning:

Front 9

acquisition

Back 9

done through classical conditioning, process of using an unconditioned stimulus to turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus causing a conditioned response.

Front 10

extinction and spontaneous recovery

Back 10

extinciton: turning of a conditioned stimulus into a neutral stimulus AGAIN.

spontaneous recovery: the extinction of a response is not even permenant...recovery of a response could come back again.

Front 11

Operant conditioning vs classical

Back 11

operant: deals with voluntary behaviors (IVAN PALVOV)

classical: concerned with biological and instinctive responses (B.F.SKINNER).

Front 12

generalization

Back 12

different stimulus can produce a similar effect/response

Front 13

discrimination

Back 13

organism learns to distinguish between two different stimuli

Front 14

Reinforcement, whether positive or negative will increase the frequency of a behavior. True or false

Back 14

TRUE

Front 15

negative reinforment can be divided into escape learning and avoidance learining

Back 15

escape learning: reduce the unpleasant stimulus thats happening.

avoidance learning: avoid it before it happens.

Front 16

punishment: reduce frequency

Back 16

uses conditioning to reduce a behavior.

positive: u steal, u are sent to jail

Negative: u fail, u dont watch TV.

Front 17

reinforcment schedules:

Back 17

1-fixed ratio: after a specific number of trials

2- variable ratio: random number of trials but constant in randomness.

3-fixed interval: deals with specific trials in TIME

4-Variable time: random intervals that are usually constant

Front 18

which reinforcement schedule works best?

Back 18

VARIABLE RATIO

Front 19

shaping

Back 19

rewarding every step of the way until the final behavior is produced. Eventually only rewarding when the final desired outcome is produced.

Front 20

latent learning

Back 20

later rewarding AFTER FINISH the WHOLE TASK instead of part of it.

Front 21

prepardness

Back 21

to have a natural predisposition to learning

Front 22

instinctive drift

Back 22

the difficulty in overcoming instinctual behaviors to learn a behavior

Front 23

mirror neurons

Back 23

are located in the frontal and parietal lobe

Front 24

visual encoding is the strongest encoding method, true or false

Back 24

false, the best one is semantic

Front 25

arrange encoding methods from weakest to strongest

Back 25

1- visual encoding

2- acoustic encoding

3-semantic encoding (best one, meaningful context). aka fitting it into a framework u can understand

Front 26

self reference effect

Back 26

we tend to process things and remember them better once we tie them to our own personal lives

Front 27

methods to econde things:

Back 27

1- maintenance rehearsal

2-mnemonics

3-chunks: clustering the letters into statments instead of remembering them as letters.

Front 28

Storage: sensory, short term, working memory, long term

Back 28

arranged from worst to best.

Front 29

long term memory is divided into explicit and implicit.

Back 29

explicit: put effort into recalling them

implicit: you don't, often procedural like riding a bike

Front 30

explicit memory is divided into

Back 30

1-declarative: events

2-episodic: experinces

3-semantic: facts and concepts

Front 31

location where info is learned is the best place to recall the info!!

Back 31

learn under water, remember best under water.

Front 32

serial position in retrieval

Back 32

primacy and latency effect:

first and last are remember better or retrieved easier.

Front 33

memory impairment

Back 33

xc

Front 34

interference: proactive and retroactive

Back 34

old zip code interference with new zip code.

new zip code interferes with old zip code.

Front 35

dementia

Back 35

loss of cognitive functions

Front 36

korskoff's syndrome

Back 36

thiamine deficiency.

Front 37

REMEMBER ANTEROGRAGE AND RETROGRADE, RETROGRADE AND ANTERIOGRAGE DIMMENTIA

Back 37

REVIEW WHICH IS WHICH

Front 38

older people tend to be good with event based prospective memory but not time based

Front 39

source amnesia

Back 39

memory error involving the confusion between semantic and episodic meories.

Front 40

synaptic pruning

Back 40

weak neural connections are broken while stronger ones are bolstered increasing the efficiency of our brains' ability to process information

Front 41

long term potentiation

Back 41

neurons becoming more efficient at releasing neurons.

Front 42

peg word

Back 42

assigning a number to a word

Front 43

fixed interval and variable interval have a phenomenon, what is it?

Back 43

reward the first time, then