Psych 9B: Memory Reading Questions

Front 1

gaining new information & memorizing it

give an example

Back 1

acquisition

knowing why the sky is blue

Front 2

a record left in the nervous system-remembering information for later

"memory trace"

Back 2

storage

Front 3

draw information from storage & using it

give an example

Back 3

retrieval

taking a test, trying to remember correct info.

Front 4

learning when you are unaware of things

give an example

Back 4

incidental learning

recalling what you ate for lunch yesterday

Front 5

placing new information in memory in anticipation of being tested on it later

Back 5

intentional learning

Front 6

memory currently being activated, currently being thought about

Back 6

working memory

Front 7

a place where you hold information while working on it

Back 7

short-term memory

Front 8

taking bits of information in working memory for easier memory retrieval

Back 8

recoding--"chunking"

Front 9

stage theory

Back 9

sensory->iconic/echoic->short-term

Front 10

primacy effect activates ___________memory

Back 10

long-term

Front 11

recency effect activates ___________memory

Back 11

short-term

Front 12

steps of the active process of long-term memory

Back 12

1. maintenance rehearsal- repetition w/o thinking of the meaning/patterns

2. depth of processing- focusing on sound of word

3. deep processing- focusing on understanding the meaning of stimulus for memorization

Front 13

Which is greater for memory connectivity: deeper memory or shallow memory?

Back 13

deeper memory- understanding the material in your own words

Front 14

list 2 ways attention plays a role in memory

(efficient/inefficient)

Back 14

efficient-paying attention to the meaning of the material pays off in the future

inefficient-repeating ideas over & over w/o much thought

Front 15

mnemonics

give an example

Back 15

methods used to help memorize

"ROY G VIB"

Front 16

How does imagery help memory?

Back 16

it helps form connections in neurons for memory

Front 17

physical records in the nervous system that preserves a memory

Back 17

trace

Front 18

T/F: exposed repetition forms memory consolidation, a permanent strong neural connection

Back 18

True

Front 19

disrupts memory for experiences before the injury- recent memories

Back 19

retrograde amnesia

Front 20

disrupts memory for experiences after the injury

Back 20

anterograde amnesia

Front 21

only can remember part of the information we are seeking at the given moment

Back 21

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) effect

Front 22

dependent memory that relies on improving retrieval by retrieval cues through retrieval paths

give an example

Back 22

context reinstatement

ex. can't remember word cat when seeing one, but once you hear it "meow" (retrieval cue), then you remember it's a cat

Front 23

encoded information from original & individual thoughts/understanding of the material

Back 23

encoding specificity

Front 24

representing the relationship between how long it takes to learn the material and how long it takes to take the test (retention) interval

Back 24

forgetting curve

result: memory decreases as the length of time increases

Front 25

How does simple passage of time and interference of new material contribute to forgetting?

Back 25

as new info. is added, the old info. gets disrupted in storage

Front 26

memory mistakes about the past in which other information gets mixed in your recall-recalling events that never really happened

Back 26

memory intrusion

Front 27

individual's mental representation that summarizes the knowledge about a certain type of event or situation

give an example

Back 27

schema

ex. patients usually check in with a receptionist first before seeing a dentist

Front 28

general sense that a certain stimulus has been encountered before

Back 28

familiarity

Front 29

What part of the brain is activated with familiarity?

Back 29

Rhinal cortex

Front 30

recall of the context which stimulus was encountered

Back 30

recollection

Front 31

What part of the brain is activated with recollection

Back 31

Posterior hippocampus

Front 32

List 2 ways to improve memory

Back 32

retention & understanding the material deeper

Front 33

list 2 false ways to improve memory

Back 33

hypnosis & relying on only memories we feel sure about

Front 34

memories of autobiographical events that are a past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

Back 34

episodic

Front 35

memories NOT drawn from personal experiences, memories of common/general knowledge

Back 35

semantic

Front 36

strong accurate memory of learning bout the event itself, very detailed & vivid and stored on one occasion & retained permanently

Back 36

flashbulb memory

Front 37

consciously able to know

Back 37

explicit memory

Front 38

initially not knowing, but unconsciously knows.

Back 38

implicit memory

Front 39

knowing how to do something

Back 39

procedural knowledge

Front 40

knowing that you can do it

Back 40

declarative knowledge

Front 41

T/F: familiarity increases credibility

Back 41

True

Front 42

an effect that works against explicit memory, familiarity is a factor for judgment and credibility

Back 42

priming effects